E179 Midterm Study Notes 2019 PDF

Preview

Summary

Midterm Study Guide ...

Description

Mi dt e r m St udyNot e s Video 1 + River to the Sea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4d2UDJrKWI -

2 types of eels (lamprey eels are anadromous; the American eel is catadromous)

Video 2 + The Mysterious Eels https: ht t ps : / / www. y out ube. c om/ wat c h? v =37WmdXT o56o -

Catadromous eels spawn in open ocean, and live in freshwater rivers till they are ready to spawn – then they migrate to the ocean, spawn and die

Video 3 + Salmon Running the Gauntlet https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=TLWL3hMUaII - Sockeye salmon => Redfish Lake, 900 miles inland past 4 Columbia River and 4 (Lower) Snake River dams - Columbia river system - Spawn in the river, live in the oceans Topics - Wetland o 3 characteristics of wetlands o Types of wetlands  Bogs  Fens  Marshes  Swamps o Surface vs. Groundwater wetlands o Marshes & swamps are open systems o Habitat loss  Causes  Wetland productivity (Carbon fixing) o What is carbon fixing? Why is that important? o Net Primary Productivity (NPP) o Sources of carbon in aquatic settings  Restoration/conservation issues  Mitigation  No net loss  Compensatory mitigation  => does it work? Is it good? Why or why not? o Watershed Characteristics  Erosion zone (headwater) => Storage zone => Deposition zone  Flowing water forms an S shape (sign wave form).

   

 Meanders  Riffles  Pools  Point bars  Oxbow lakes. What are they and how are they formed?  Meander scars What do streams in LA look like? What’s different about nonnatural lakes? How do floodplains develop over time? Flowing water = “lotic” Lakes = “lentic”

o River Continuum  Head waters (P/R < 1)  Middle Reaches (P/R > 1)  Lowermost sections (P/R < 1)  => Characteristics of each region o Nutrient Spiraling  Nutrients “spiral” through systems.  Nutrient spiraling is the capture, use, release and re-use of nutrients  Molecules/chemicals/etc. move through abiotic and biotic components of systems, and thus move across and through the landscape. o Life Cycle of Aquatic Insects  You don’t need to know species. But be able to describe/explain the characteristic life cycle. Aquatic insects spend the immature phases in the water, but then “emerge” as adults with wings; they then can mate and reproduce  Functional feeding groups  Shredders  Collectors  Scrapers/Grazers  Piercers/Predators  Engulfers/Predators  Breakdown of species diversity levels throughout river continuum o Oligotrophic = relatively low in plant nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts. o Eutrophic = (of a lake or other body of water) rich in nutrients – nitrate and orthophosphate - and thus supporting a dense

plant/algal/phytoplankton population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen as it decomposes (respiration) on the bottom. 

What color is a Eutrophic lake?

o Non-native species examples – comb jellyfish, zebra mussels, New Zealand mudsnail, Nile perch o Fish life-cycles  

Primary, secondary, & truly marine species Anadromous vs. Catadromous

o Nitrogen Cycle  Denitrification (where would that happen = Anoxic environment)  Aerobic vs. anoxic environment o Phosphorus Cycle  More limiting than Nitrogen  Phosphorus doesn’t exist as a gas in nature, so where does it come from  In a polluted system  In a non-polluted system o Issues that are challenging salmon in the Columbia river system (EPA slides)  Dams, Pollution, Hatcheries, Over-fishing, etc. o Zones of the lakes: Littoral zone, Limnetic zone, Profundal zone, photic vs. aphotic zones, compensation point A link that might be useful/or of interet is (this is not targeted to our class but is a good synoptic sort of factoid site): http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/Bio301M/aquahab.html...