Earth Science TEST #2 2021 PDF

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EARTH SCIENCE TEST #2 NAME: DIRECTIONS: There are 40 questions. Type all your answers on the answer sheet located on last page. Due No Later Than 10:00 AM On Wednesday, March 3rd. MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the letter of your answer on the answer sheet.) 1. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates outward from its source. The source location is the …… A. inertial point B. epicenter C. focus or hypocenter D. seismic zone 2. The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ……. A. inertial point B. epicenter C. focus or hypocenter D. seismic zone 3. The Elastic Rebound Theory, explaining the origin of earthquakes, was first proposed by ……. A. Reid B. Richter C. Giuseppe D. Mohorovicic 4. The instrument that records earthquakes is a…… A. polygraph B. thermograph C. seismograph

D. barograph

5. The Mercalli Intensity Scale is a scale ____________. A. that is based on the energy released by an earthquake. B. that is based on the amount of structural damage due to an earthquake. C. that is based on the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks. 6. A 7.0 Richter magnitude earthquake releases ____ more energy than a 5.0 magnitude. A. 32 times B. 64 times C. 320 times D. 1024 times 7. The amount of destruction caused by earthquakes is affected by ……. A. the design of structures C. intensity and duration of the vibrations B. the type of ground material D. all of these 8. Which one of the following statements is correct? A. P waves travel through solids; S waves do not. B. P and S waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. C. Only P waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, and S waves only travel through solids. 9. This type of seismic wave is the most destructive to structures. A. P wave B. S wave C. Surface wave 10. Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ……. A. drill holes B. seismic waves C. volcanic eruptions D. exploring deep mine shafts 11. The lithosphere is defined as ……. A. a rigid layer of crustal and mantle material B. a rocky layer composed only of crustal rocks 12. The asthenosphere is located ……. A. within the crust B. between the mantle and outer core

C. a soft layer composed of mantle material

C. in the upper mantle below the lithosphere D. within the outer core

TRUE OR FALSE (Type the word True or False for each statement on the answer sheet.) 13. Earthquakes result from the sudden release of energy that is stored in slabs of rock as they suddenly slip past one another along a fault or boundary. 14. Tsunamis may be caused by sudden displacements of large volumes of seawater when one plate interacts with another plate at a subduction zone. 15. Earth’s outer core is made of solid rock. 16. Earth’s inner core is the least dense layer of the interior. 17. Earth’s crust is the thinnest layer.

MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the letter of your answer on the answer sheet.) 18. Which type of lava flow has a relatively smooth, ropey/wrinkled surface? A. aa B. andesitic C. pahoehoe D. granitic 19. Which magma type is least viscous? A. Basaltic B. Granitic C. Andesitic 20. What factors increase the explosive potential of magma during a volcanic eruption? A. High viscosity, high gas content C. High viscosity, low gas content B. Low silica content, low viscosity D. Low viscosity, low gas content 21. The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with …… A. shield volcanoes B. cinder cones C. composite cones/stratovolcanoes 22. The most abundant gases emitted during volcanic eruptions are …… A. sodium and chlorine C. sulfur and oxygen B. nitrogen and oxygen D. water vapor and carbon dioxide 23. Kilauea and Mauna Loa are ……. A. explosive, rhyolitic volcanoes B. basaltic shield volcanoes 24. Mount Saint Helens is a ……. A. cinder cone B. shield volcano 25. Paricutin is an example of a ……. A. shield volcano B. cinder cone

C. andesitic stratovolcanoes D. small, cinder cones C. composite cone/stratovolcano C. composite cone/stratovolcano

TRUE OR FALSE (Type the word True or False for each statement on the answer sheet.) 26. Kilauea is the tallest volcano on Earth. 27. Blocks and bombs are the largest pyroclastic materials.

28. Crater Lake is an example of a volcanic neck. 29. A sill is an example of an intrusive igneous structure. 30. A lahar is a dangerous, fast moving, hot cloud of volcanic gases and pyroclastic particles.

MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the letter of your answer on the answer sheet.) 31. What was the Doctrine of Catastrophism? A. The belief that Earth was shaped by great and sudden natural catastrophes. B. The belief that Earth was millions of years old. C. An explanation of the forces that shaped the Grand Canyon. D. A theory used to describe evolution of life on Earth. 32. Who proposed the Principle of Uniformitarianism? A. Aristotle B. Plato C. Hutton D. Ussher 33. The age of the Earth is estimated to be about ……. A. 4000 years B. 2 billion years C. 5 million years 34. Insects are sometimes found preserved in …… A. casts B. amber C. petrified wood

D. 4.54 billion years

D. molds

35. If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 200 years, and a specimen contained 5 grams of parent isotope and 15 grams of daughter product, then how many half-lives have elapsed. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 36. What is the age of the specimen in Question 35? A. 50 years old B. 200 years old C. 400 years old 37. The era known as the "age of mammals" is the …… A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic

D. 800 years old

D. Cenozoic

Questions #38 – 40, refer to the geologic cross section shown. (Type letter of answer on answer sheet.) 38. Which geologic feature is the oldest? A. Layer “A” B. Layer “C” C. Fault “E” D. Intrusion “D” E

39. Which one of the two geologic features occurred before the other? A. Fault “E” B. Igneous Intrusion “D” 40. Which geologic feature is the youngest (most recent)? A. Layer “A” B. Layer “C” C. Fault “E” D. Intrusion “D”

ANSWER SHEET ON NEXT PAGE

Note: “E” is a fault line

ESC1000 TEST #2 ANSWER SHEET Due no later than 10:00 AM Wednesday, March 3rd. NAME: MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the capital letter of your answer for each on the answer sheet.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

C B A C B D

7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C

TRUE OR FALSE (Type the word True or False for each statement below on the answer sheet.) 13. TRUE 14. TRUE 15. FALSE 16. TRUE 17. TRUE MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the capital letter of your answer for each on the answer sheet.) 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C

22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B

TRUE OR FALSE (Type the word True or False for each statement below on the answer sheet.) 26. FALSE 27. TRUE 28. FALSE

29. TRUE 30. FALSE

MULTIPLE CHOICE (Type the capital letter of your answer for each on the answer sheet.) 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B

35. B 36. C 37. D

MULTIPLE CHOICE - RELATIVE DATING (Type the capital letter of your answer for each.) 38. B 39. B 40. A...