Ecology Unit Review List PDF

Preview

Summary

uni 5...

Description

Ecology Unit - Quiz 1 Review List: Biogeochemical Cycles, Food Webs, Energy Flow, Energy Pyramids Water Cycle Reservoir ● Surface and atmosphere water How does water enter the atmosphere? How does water enter the food chain? ● Precipitation and plant root uptake Nitrogen Cycle How do humans get usable nitrogen? ● When an animal dies while its decomposing the nitrate from inside them they got from eating plants with nitrate will go into the air and atmosphere. Also, when an animal defecates the nitrate in the poo will be used as a fertilizer for the grass and will be in the atmosphere. How do plants get usable nitrogen? ● Nitrogen can attach to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either in legume root nodules or in the soil. The nitrogenfixing bacteria turned the nitrogen into ammonium. Nitrifying bacteria will then turn the ammonium into nitrite, and then more nitrifying bacteria turns it into nitrates. Nitrates can be usable energy sources for plants Reservoir ● Nitrogen in atmosphere Which organism plays a significant role in many of the processes involved? (nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation)

Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis and Cell Resp Connection (also know the equation for photosynthesis and respiration) ● The products of the photosynthesis equation are the reactants of the cellular respiration equation and the products of the cellular respiration equation are the reactants of the photosynthesis equation. Before vs. After Humans ● Before human interaction Phosphorus cycle Reservoir ● Rocks, minerals, and soil How do plant and animals get usable phosphorus? ● Root uptake Food Chains: the flow of energy in a food chain in an ecosystem; series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten Food Webs: diagram of interconnecting food chains

Energy Flow/Trophic Levels ● The energy flow starts at the sun, then goes to the producers, then to the primary consumers (herbivores), then to the secondary consumers (carnivores) and energy will be lossed after more consumptions ● Trophic level: step on a food chain ○ Plants (producers) ○ Herbivores (primary consumers) ○ Carnivores (secondary consumers) ○ Higher-level consumers (tertiary) Consumers/heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make their own food but rely on other organisms for food and energy ● Primary consumers (herbivores) ● Tertiary consumers ● Secondary consumers: ○ Carnivore ○ Omnivore ○ Detrivore Producers/Autotrophs: use most of the food they make for themselves 10% Rule: 10% of energy is transferred up to the next level on the food chain Energy Pyramids: As energy flows from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers and tertiary consumers, some energy is lost as heat and detritus Pyramid of Numbers: A pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem Biomass Pyramids: ● Illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter at each trophic level ● Typically, the greatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid, as is seen in the field ecosystem modeled here...