EET-228 Lab 7 Fire Alarm Basics PDF

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Pimentel, Deanne Aira P. EET-228 SEC 012

LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Lab 7: Fire Alarm Systems; Basics Objective: To become familiar with fire alarm panels and equipment this includes: • Read and identify model of the fire alarm panel

Introduction 1. Block diagram of FDA system

Input Devices

Control Panel

Output Devices

2. TYPES OF FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM A. Conventional FDA System B. Addressable FDA System 3. This lab will familiarize students with fire alarm components and common symbols. Fire alarms systems are made of 3 major system components. Fire alarm panels, initiating and notification devices. Initiating devices are used to trigger the alarm such as pull stations and smoke detectors. Notification devices Ahmad Ganji

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Pimentel, Deanne Aira P. EET-228 SEC 012

LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

are used to alert or notify people that there is an alarm. These devices are then connected back to the fire alarm panel. Listed below are examples of common electric fire protection devices. There are plenty of manufactures and devices on the market. The most important requirements are compatibility and ULC listing.

Symbol

Description

Picture of Device

Fire Alarm Manual Station (Initiating Device)

Fire Alarm Key-operated Station (Initiating Device)

57C Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (Initiating Device0

57C R & Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (Initiating Device)

Ahmad Ganji

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Pimentel, Deanne Aira P. EET-228 SEC 012

LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

88C Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (Initiating Device)

57C Rate of Compensation Heat Detector (Initiating Device)

Ionization Type Smoke Detector(Initiating Device)

Photoelectric Type Smoke Detector

Water Flow Switch (Initiating Device)

Valve Supervisory Switch (Initiating Device)

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Fire Alarm Visual Signal Appliance (Notification Device

Fire Alarm Audible Signal Appliance (Notification Device)

Cone Speaker(Notification Device)

Horn Speaker (Notification Device)

Emergency Telephone

Remote Alarm indicator

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Fire Alarm System Annunciator (Notification Device)

Voice Communication Control Unit

Terminal Box

Magnetic Door Holder

Electric Release Lock

Fire Alarm System Control Unit Central Alarm and Control Facility

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Data Gathering Panel Combination Door Holder/Closer Unit

4. FDA System Wing Method a. Two wire connection b. Four wire connection

Two wire connection

Four wire connection *Source from: @National Fire Protection Association

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

5. A notifying device is used to alert people that there is an alarm condition. There are two main wiring schemes class A and class B. The diagram below represents a class B wiring scheme. This is easy to recognize as a class B wiring scheme will always have an EOL resistor. The notification device in the diagram below uses a diode as a one way current device. This allows the FACP to trigger and test the devices on a two wire conductor by simply changing the polarity of the voltage.

Ahmad Ganji

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Pimentel, Deanne Aira P. EET-228 SEC 012

6.

LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

The following is a list of pertinent Canadian Standards for Fire Alarm Systems and fire safety related equipment.

ULC STANDARDS

Ahmad Ganji

CAN/ULC-S524

Installation of Fire Alarm Systems

CAN/ULC-S525

Audible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm Systems, Including

CAN/ULC-S526

Visible Signal Devic es for Fire Alarm Systems, Including

CAN/ULC-S527

Control Units for Fire Alarm Systems

CAN/ULC-S528

Manual Stations for Fire Alarm Systems, Including Accessories

CAN/ULC-S529

Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Systems

CAN/ULC-S530

Heat Detectors

CAN/ULC-S531

Smoke Alarms

CAN/ULC-S533

Egress Door Securing & Releasing Devices

CAN/ULC-S536

Inspection & Testing of Fire Alarm Systems

CAN/ULC-S537

Verification of Fire Alarm Systems

CAN/ULC-S540

Installation of Residential Fire Warni ng Systems

CAN/ULC-S541

Speakers for Fire Alarm Systems, Including Accessories

CAN/ULC-S545

Residential Fire Warning System Control Units

CAN/ULC-S548

Devices & Accessories for Water Type Extinguishing Systems

CAN/ULC-S552

Inspection & Testing of Smoke Alarms

CAN/ULC-S553

Installation of Smoke Alarms

CAN/ULC-S559

Equipment for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems

CAN/ULC-S561

Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and

CAN/ULC-S573

Installation of Ancillary Devices

CAN/ULC-S571

Flame Detectors

CAN/ULC-S567

Door Closers and Electromagnetic Door Holders

CAN/ULC-S575

Commissioning of Life Safety & Fire Protection Systems

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

ULC STANDARDS

Ahmad Ganji

CAN/ULC-S572

Photo-luminescent and Self Luminous Exit Signs & Path

CAN/ULC-S576

Mass Not ification Systems

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Procedure: 1. Examine the fire alarm panel and note the following in the table below: Fire Alarm Panel Identification: Answer Panel Manufacture

MIRCOM

Model Number

FA-1008KADS

No. of IDC Zones Present

8 IDC ZONES present (2 used, 6 spares)

EOL (end of line) Value of IDC (indicating circuit) No. of NAC Present

3.9 kΩ 4 NAC present (1 used, 3 spares)

EOL Value of NAC (notification alarm circuit) Max current output of NAC

3.9 kΩ 1.7 Amps per Circuit

2. Select one initiating and notification device to examine and fill in the table below. Initiating Device (Alarms)

Notification Device (Horn)

FIRE-LITE ALARMS

SYSTEM SENSOR

Model Number

BG-12 SERIES

P2RLA

Current Draw Standby

3 mA, Standby

35 mA, Standby

50 mA, MAX

1.7 Amps per Circuit, 5 A MAX

‘’INI’’ on Main Board or DM-1008(A)

‘’IND’’ on Main Board or SGM-1004(A)

22 VDC

24 VDC

Device Manufacturer

Current Draw Maximum

Type of Termination Wire or Terminal Screw What voltage does this device Normally operate at

Ahmad Ganji

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Write the ULC Label if one exists if not examine another similar device What Standard was used to list this device e.g., CAN/ULC S5xx Can this device be installed on any manufacturer’s panel? (Yes or No)

LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

UL LISTED 955H

ULC LISTED 9103

CAN/ULC-S528

CAN/ULC-S526

YES, as long as compatibility and ULC listing requirements are met.

YES, as long as compatibility and ULC listing requirements are met.

3. Test the initiating and notification devices. 1. Base on your knowledge, how would you test the pull-down station in our lab (BG-12)? To test the pull-down station, activate the pull-down switch. In the alarm panel, an indication shall be observed as to confirm whether or not the notification was received that the pull station was activated. Upon confirmation, the system is now allowed to be reset.

2. What would be the best equivalent device for a pull-down station listed below? A. Resistor

B. Relay

C. Switch

D. Lamp

3. Show your instructor how to operate and reset a pull-down station in our lab. Describe your procedure: If for instance the pull-down station was activated, and the horn starts to activate, the first thing to do is to go to the alarm panel and assess what is happening in the system. The alarm panel will indicate which zone triggered the alarm. After assessing the problem, the person-in-charge will now judge if the situation is a false alarm or not. If it is, then begin resetting the system by starting with the buzzers. To silence the horn (that informs the local), press ‘’SIGNAL SILENCE’’. Next is to silence the system by pressing ‘’BUZZER SILENCE’’. Lastly, press the ‘’SYSTEM RESET’’ to reset the entire system. Notification devices - System Sensor HRK or P2R Write down the specification of the device you have: A) Voltages - REGULATED 12 DC AND REGULATED 24 DC/FWR B) Operational Volt age Ranges – 8-17.5 & 16-33 VOLTS Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

C) Max Operating Current – AT 12 V, DC @30 cd – 166 mA AT 24 V, FWR @185 cd – 326 mA / DC @ 185 cd – 262 mA RMS

Setup your DC power supply to 12V, connect the “+”of your HRK to the “+” of your DC power supply; “-“ to “-“ What happen? The polarity is correct because the horn activated at 12 VDC.

4. Base on step 1 and 4, please design a simple FDA system. 1. Draw your equivalent electrical schematic and wiring diagram below.

+24 V

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Smoke Alarm (Initiating Device) SMK

Ahmad Ganji

SMK

PULL

END OF LINE RESISTOR

H

Manual Pull Station (Initiating Device)

Horn (Notification Device)

PULL

H

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Questions 1. A conventional FACP been installed in an area. The technician used System Sensor P2R model as the notification devices, connect to where? The notification devices must always be connected to the end of line resistor to allow the control panel to supervise the field wiring for open or short circuit conditions. 2. What is the max number of P2R could he connect to the panel? Show all the calculation here. At 24 V, P2R Maximum Operating Current = 326 mA Maximum current output for NAC = 1.7 A per circuit (326 mA)(4 P2R) = 1.304 A Thus, per circuit, 4 Notification Devices are allowed. Also, it is better to not exceed 80% rating of the circuit to give some margin of error and room for expansion. In the system, NAC can have a maximum operating current of 5 A Therefore, (1.304 A)(3 circuits) = 3.912 A In each circuit, the maximum P2R is 4. Thus, (3 circuits)(4 P2R) = 12 To conclude, 12 P2R can be connected to the panel.

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

3. A floor plan is given below with different initiating and notification devices. Identify each device within the drawing.

A – Ionization Type Smoke Detector (Initiating Device) B – Fire Alarm Manual Station (Initiating Device) C - Ionization Type Smoke Detector (Initiating Device) D - Fire Alarm Manual Station (Initiating Device) E - Fire Alarm Manual Station (Initiating Device) F – Fire Alarm Audible Signal Appliance (Notification Device) G – 57C Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (Initiating Device)

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

1. Describe the purpose of the glass rod installed in a pull station. The purpose of glass rods in a pull station is that it allows anyone in the building to set off the alarms, however only someone in authority could turn the alarms off as silencing the sound of the alarm means that the situation is assessed and there is nothing to worry about. Once it's been activated the fire alarm system had to latch to prevent a false "all clear." 2. Give the electrical symbol that is used on electrical diagrams for Pull Station.

For Fire Alarm Manual Stations

Fire Alarm Key-operated Stations 3. Draw and label a diode, describe how the diode state from forward to reverse bias occurs when used in a notifying device.

+24 V - 24 V FAS PANEL

D1

H

D2

H

D3

End of Line Resistor

H

NOTE: The symbol means current cannot pass through. The symbol means current can pass through. The dotted arrow lines indicate the current flow. In the state of an alarm, at +24 V the diode conducts allowing power to light or sound. During non-alarm conditions, the polarity of the voltage is reversed to -24 V, diode therefore it is not conducting.

4. What is the main purpose of the diode in a notifying de vice used for? The main purpose of the diode in the notifying device is to make sure that the wires that carries power to the horns and strobes are continuous and not broken or loose from a connection. The panel uses continuity to supervise the wires of the NAC. Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

5. Name as many initiating devices that are used in a fire alarm system. Identify if the device is automatic or manual activator? A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I.

57C Fixed Temperature Heat Detector – AUTOMATIC 57C R & Fixed Temperature Heat Detector – AUTOMATIC 88C Fixed Temperature Heat Detector – AUTOMATIC 57C Rate of Compensation Heat Detector – AUTOMATIC Ionization Type Smoke Detector– AUTOMATIC Water Flow Switch – MANUAL Valve Supervisory Switch – MANUAL Fire Alarm Manual Station – MANUAL Fire Alarm Key-operated Station – MANUAL

6. Why is it important to understand how fire is created? It is of extreme importance to understand how fire is created in order to know the ways on how to prevent it early. Most people think that if there is a fire, water or fire extinguishers are always the best way to extinguish small fires and prevent it in spreading. It is true in a way, but not always. It depends on how the fire is created. If for instance the fire is caused by flammable liquids, this is the time where you can never use water to extinguish it, Fire extinguishers have different types too, and it all depends on the classification of the fire. Thus, understanding how the fire started is truly leads to successful prevention. 7. Water is the main extinguishing agent used for what Class of Fire. For type A fires, water is one of the most commonly used extinguishing agents. 8. Which classes of fire will not be affected by the use of water and why? Water is ineffective at extinguishing flammable liquids and can make it worse by spreading the fire. Consequently, in extinguishing an electrical fire, water must never be used, as water is a good conductor of electricity and it may lead to electrocution. 9. What is the classification of an electrical Fire? Fire extinguishers that are marked with a B can be used on electrical fire.

Ahmad Ganji

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LAB 7: Fire Alarm Basics Session: WINTER

Conclusion: (a) State briefly, but clearly, what you have gained from this assignment. Outline aspects that you have noted within the experiment outside of the questions asked. Make comments on the procedure of the lab - Is there anything that you could have done differently? How did you split the work between group members? Did you have a plan of action? What else would you suggest that should be added to this lab session? At the end of the lab, I learned more about the basic fire alarm system and how to operate it. The system is powered by both AC and DC power supplies. To turn the system ‘’ON’’, connect to AC first then connect to DC. On the other hand, to turn the system ‘’OFF’’, remove the DC first then turn off the AC to shut it down completel y. Also, we learned that when you connect the NAC directly to a 12 VDC source, it will still activate only if the polarities are correct. In the lab, we connected + to +, and the – to –, and it activated the NAC. Consequently, when we reversed the polarities, the NAC did not activate. We also learned in the lab the testing of pull stations. We followed what Professor Richard demonstrated us and that is by activating the pull-down switch and checking if the system responded to the activation of the alarm. Upon checking, we silenced the buzzing sound and reset it after. In addition, we found out that testing pull stations can also be done by opening a circuit can also trigger the alarm, allowing it to check if the system responds to such problems. The work was equally distributed between the two members of the group. One was in-charge of the connections, the other oversaw the buttons in the fire alarm systems. Both members took pictures of the specs needed to the lab. Hence, I would like to suggest that we, the students can be taught on how to use a fire extinguisher.

Materials and tools, equipment setup Tools knowledge and handling Following Procedure, safety Marks

10

Questions

Total Mark

10

20

1 2 3

Ahmad Ganji

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