Emoji Code Zusammenfassung PDF

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Emoji Code – Zusammenfassung

Beginnings 9-15 -

rapid adaption of Emojis emoji = code, not a language

Is Emoji the new universal language? 15-37 -

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hard to read sentences of Emoji only Emoji don’t function as language (eg. lack of grammar)  therefor we need help to translate/understand emoji only messages coming from Japan (e – picture, moji – character) available since 2011 visual representation of a feeling, idea, entity, status or event Unicode-approved emojis became available in 2010 (around 700 that time) today: around 2,000 available emoji = powerful system of communication first truly universal form of communication!! abbreviations (like lol) replaced by corresponding emoji 80% of all smartphone users regularly use emoji emoji dominated by major concerns (Google, Adobe etc), mostly by white and male leaders  no aspect of the diversity of its users in today’s world, rather mostly represents American culture not growing/evolving like a natural language  lengthy selection process no communicative context in texting  hard to understand text message no non-verbal signals in texting  emoji help us communicate non-verbal functions (sarcasm, irony, better understanding of our partner etc.) emoji users are more effective communicators (more personality, better convey their emotional intent)

Emoji Crime and the Nature of Communication 37-72 -

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black guy arrested for threatening police officer with emoji in 2015 generally: we do not need spoken/written language to communicate conduit idea: language is a channel in which ideas travel, writing/speaking puts ideas into words, transmission of meaning by sending words to a hearer/reader, meaning achieved if reader/hearer understand the message behind the words  meaning is a thing, that can be packed up into words and can be transmitted from one person to another trough language  BUT communication more difficult than conduit idea meaning of language and meaning of emoji varies words/emoji have a rather consent widespread meaning, but meaning changes trough person, place & time (= context) (eg. sexting, eggplant emoji) meaning = dynamic process emoji, also different systems, different looks – misunderstanding (eg. gun emoji) what we mean is often not what we say – INTERPRETATION of our words

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non-verbal language helps us to better interpret language/meaning behind words  in digital conversation emoji take that place human language = multimodal (requires different modes of communication) we have mental states in common with other humans able to interpret non-verbal language we can recognize the communicative intentions of others as a way of manipulating us (in verbal and non-verbal language (non-verbal eg. causing harm and making them cry)) our use of emoji is controlled by the software developers (unlike real language, emoji way easier to control/restrict) eg. Apple changing gun to water gun, effectively controlling what their users are able to express via Emoji- Censorship? emoji dialect – different software systems express different emojis we can communicate without language eg. aphasia patients communicate with body language/gestures about the way they feel, even if they cannot produce language any longer key of communicating is not language but to understand others as intentional agents who communicate with signals as such

What’s in a Word? 72-104 -

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Emoji is not a word word = single, meaningful unit of speech or written text emoji = single meaningful unit deployed in a text-based communication emoji analogous function to words in written/Spoken languages using emoji in written text can be seen as code-switching between two language system (like bilinguals do) language = organized system, that allows us to communicate subtle ideas, that could not be communicated otherwise average word knowledge of a mother tongue English: 10,000-30,000 words hard to distinguish what even really is a lexical item – could be also a prefix or an idiom/chunk  But all have to consist of a particular physical form, either written or spoken number of emojis rather small compared to competent language speakers vocabulary no abstract ideas expressed in emoji – only possible with corresponding words (impossible in general to represent abstract ideas via pictograms) emoji can only express simple ideas, no complex ideas, eg. a car, but not the mere beauty of a car “emoji grammar” – interpretation of emojis standing next to each other as interacting/compound some emojis are just compounds of more than one emoji, eg. black female singer in language: written symbol relationship is arbitrary to real-life symbol (eg. different word in different languages for the same real-life object), emoji not arbitrary some emoji can be a bit more arbitrary eg. the flags representing the countries some words can be a bit less arbitrary, eg. onomatopoetic words meaning of emoji differ in cultural context, eg. hands pressed together – JPN thanks, Western World – praying or high five emoji does not function to replace the linguistic system, but to complement it

Emotionally Speaking 104-140 -

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face = mirror of our emotional self studies have shown that it is hard to interpret the emotional state of the sender of an e-mail without having any clues on it/ no non-verbal signals available to interpret spoken language has non-verbal language (gesture, facial expression etc) to interpret the emotional state of the speaker emoji help us to communicate via text with less miscommunication most meaning in everyday conversation conveyed via non-verbal cues (90%) less risky to communicate emotions only via non-verbal cues most of non-verbal communicated emotions are intentional – can therefor undermine the words we are saying in proving them to be wrong (saying nice to meet you with fear in your eyes) effective communication requires verbal and non-verbal language (eg. irony) emoji can help to prevent misunderstanding of irony in text based communication most emojis that are used show rather positive feelings  BUT emotional value of emoji usually rather neutral (not corresponding with emotion represented in emoji) emoji = non verbal language in written text substitution function = emoji can stand for a word/sentence easier to use emoji than to express whole expression with words (more precise with emoji) reinforcement & emphasizing function = emoji can be repeated for emphasis contradictory function = emoji ca maken ironic metacomments complementing function = emoji can tone down a message or express emotional attitude (how the message should be read/understood) discourse management = emoji can function as markers in written discourse (frequent positions are in the beginning or in the end of an utterance) emoji is not a replacement for language  enables us to become better digital communicators

Colourful Writing 140-171 -

written communication provides an on-living record trough time punctuation provides a system for written text to represent features of spoke discourse eg. representing pauses resembling the rhythm and intonation when speaking “third industrial revolution” = digital age from 1980 until today first emoticon in 1982 emoticons evolved: from with nose, to noseless – noseless more common today emoticons are not emoji!!! first emojis developed to save space – emoji set from Japanese artist containing visual emblems expressing emotional attitudes & infographics expressing more factual information Punctuation led to emoticon which led to emoji – punctuation responsible for development of Emoji 2,000 years after development of punctuation emoji amounts to an early-stage writing system – needs to enlarge vocabulary, if wants to become a real language/replace language rebus principle: allows a message to be produced by the sound associated with a picture

A Picture Paints a Thousand Words 171- 195 -

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text posts accompanied by an image are more likely to receive attraction human brain finds it easier to process images than text – humans are dominant for the perception of vision pictograms basis for hieroglyphs but also for emoji (written languages to perceive via vision) art, three main functions – social (intervene in social life, eg Banksy), physical (the use of art) & personal (aesthetic value of art)  emoji also have a physical & social function and also personal, hence it signals our personality (choice of emoji varies among people) emoji referential function  provoke ideas = Metonymy (standing in for sth else) Emoji use outwards physical manifestations of emotions (Metonymy) = reason why emoji work emoji help us to see emotion/make emotion in digital contexts real

All Change for a Changing World 195- 232 -

use of emoji is specific in each culture interpretation of Emoji varies due to our cultural background emoji no history like a natural language emoji ancestors like a natural language (emoticon & punctuation) emoji evolved like a natural language (visual representation of emoji changed over the years) but due to different reasons (due to better technical possible representation) emoji has variety like natural language (different software systems depict in different ways) emoji = constructed system of communication, BUT unlike other artificial languages it can be expanded by everyone new emoji fill gaps for need/new social expression, therefor languagelike in this point (new words, like selfie etc. fulfil the same) restrictions for new emojis – eg. no real people, no brand names, no words etc.  new terms in language are not restricted

The Future or Communication 232- 240 -

technology only changes methods of communication but will most likely not change communication itself only enhance it...