Endocrine Physiology Flashcards Quizlet PDF

Preview

Summary

Study materials including terms and definitions based on my notes from lecture...

Description

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

Science / Biology / Anatomy

Endocrine Physiology Terms in this set (143)

What are lipid soluble hormones?

The __________ is the link between the nervous

-steroids -thyroid hormone

hypothalamus

and the endocrine system

Steroids are derived from ___________

cholesterol

Peptides are chains of ___________

amino acids

T/F endocrine glands are ductless glands

The ________ controls secretions of the

true

hypothalamus

pituitary gland

-epinephrine Catecholamine examples

-norepinephrine -dopamine

Most hormones are classified as __________

How do lipid soluble hormones get

peptides

diffusion

through cell membranes?

Growth hormone _____________ blood glucose

The __________ and __________ bind to DNA

What is the common second messenger for

increases

hormone; receptor

cyclic AMP

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

1/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

Upgrade to remove ads

____________ activates protein kinase

Only $3.99/month

cAMP

________________ makes cAMP from ATP

adenylyl cyclase

Activation of genes causes ______________

protein

synthesis

What is usually the "first messenger"

the hormone

hypothalamus

The __________ produces the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

The neurohypophysis/ posterior pituitry is

nerve fibers and endings

made of ___________

The anterior pituitary is made up

glandular epithelial cells

of____________

Aldosterone is secreted from the

adrenal cortex

_______________

Calcitonin is produced by the __________________

c cells; thyroid gland

of the

Growth hormone is secreted by the

anterior pituitary

_________________

Upgrade to remove ads

Only $3.99/month

FSH is secreted by the ____________

anterior pituitary

TSH is secreted by the _____________

anterior pituitary

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

2/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

The ________ pituitary is glandular tissue while

anterior; posterior

the _______ pituitary is nervous tissue

The posterior pituitary secretes ______________

oxytocin and ADH

and _____________

T/F cAMP is the only second messenger

false

-blood glucose -protein synthesis

Growth hormone stimulates

-release of insulin like growth factor I

T/F thyroid hormones are tropic hormones

false

Growth hormone _________ fatty acids in the

increases

blood

Insulin like growth factor I is released from

liver

the __________

What do phosphorylated proteins do?

cause cell's response to a hormone

Upgrade to remove ads

Of the anterior pituitary hormones, only

Only $3.99/month

prolactin

___________ is not at all a tropic hormone

If the levels of TSH are too high, it can

goiter

cause a _____________

Increased cortisol __________ CRH and ACTH

decreases

secretion

Due to _______ feedback control, plasma

negative; high

cortisol levels won't raise to __________

ACTH function

controls secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

3/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

stimulates the thryroid gland's secretionof thyroid hormone and TSH function

stimulates growth of the thyroid

IGF-I causes cell __________

division

connecting two capillary beds between hypothalamus and anterior

portal vessel function

pituitary

Thyroid gland is composed of ___________

folicles

Follicle cells of the thyroid make _____________

thyroglobulin

Upgrade to remove ads

_________ must be supplied in the diet to make

Only $3.99/month

iodine

thyroid hormones

Iodide is cotransported into the the follicle

Na+

cell with _________

T/F there is much more circulating T4 than

true

T3

Thyroid hormones increase _______________ and

metabolic rate; heat production

___________

____________ is important in controlling blood

PTH

Ca++ levels by an action on bone and on the kidneys, and an indirect action on the intestine

What hormones bind to receptors inside

lipohilic (lipid soluble) hormoens

the cell and then the hormone and receptor together bind to the DNA?

If a cell doesn't have a receptor for a

cannot

hormone it ________ respond to the hormone

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

4/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

Vitamin D is actually a ______________ because it

hormone

can be produced in the body

The adrenal cortex secretes _____________,

cortisol; aldosterone; sex hormones

_______________, and ______________

true

T/F If a cell does not have a receptor for a hormone, the cell will not respond to the hormone

Upgrade to remove ads

Only $3.99/month

-chains of amino acids Examples of hormone chemical structures

-ringed lipids derived from cholesterol -amines from the amino acid

Nervous impulses (action potentials)

can

____________ cause endocrine secretions

When a hormone uses cAMP, a protein

phosphorylates proteins

kinase ____________________

What binds to receptors on the cell

peptide hormones

membrane but NOT to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell?

The releasing and inhibiting hormones,

anterior; hypothalamus

which control secretion of the __________ pituitary, come from the ____________

Over-secretion of GH after the epiphyseal

acromegaly

plate ossifies causes ____________

GH causes a(n) ______________ in blood glucose

increase

TH __________ basal metabolic rate

increase

TH ____________ responsiveness to epinephrine

increases

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

5/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

T/F cortisol is an important adaptation to

true

stress

What develops as a downward growth of

posterior pituitary

the hypothalamus?

____________ are stored as part of the

thyroid hormones

thyroglobulin molecule in the colloid

T3 is considered more ________ than T4

TH ____________ oxygen consumption

Thyroglobulin contains _________________

T4 can be converted to ___________ in the

active

increases

thyroid hormones

T3

tissues

T/F Calcitonin is the most important

false

hormone controlling plasma Ca++ levels

Complete removal of the parathyroid

cause spontaneous depolarizations

glands (but no other glands) will ________

Activation of vitamin ______ in the kidney is

D; parathyroid hormone

stimulated by ________________

Increasing thyroid hormones causes

increased

____________ BMR

In the kidney, the parathyroid hormone

increases

_____________ Ca++ reabsorption

In the kidney, parathyroid hormone __________

increases

(PO4)^-3

Cortisol secretion ____________ with stress

Cortisol is a _____________

At pharmacological levels, __________ has an

increases

glucocorticoid

cortisol

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

6/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

_____________ has anti-insulin effects

the __________ secretes hypophysiotropic

cortisol

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary

hormones which control the secretion of the ___________

What gland has a neural link to the

posterior pituitary

hypothalamus?

Milk letdown is a ___________ reflex

T/F oxytocin causes uterine contractions

The ________ pituitary is made of neural tissue

Cretinism is caused by what?

What would bind to receptors in the cell

neuroendocrine

true

posterior

lack of iodine and TH in infants

lipid insoluble (hydrophilic) hormones

membrane but not to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell?

What part of the pituitary gland develops

anterior pituitary

as an upward projection of the pharynx?

What hormones bind to receptors on the

peptide hormones

cell membrane?

What does the posterior pituitary secreted

-ADH

from the posterior pituitary

-oxytocin

Two main functions of hormones

1. change activity of proteins already present in the cell 2. synthesize new proteins

Increased cortisol ___________ CRH

decreases

Increased cortisol _____________ ACTH

decreases

ACTH is secreted by the ____________________

The target cells of tropic hormones are

anterior pituitary

endocrine gland cells

___________

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

7/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

PTH simulates the activation of ____________ in

Vitamin D

the kidneys

Vitamin D increases ____________ from the gut

PTH _____________ phosphate ion excretion

PTH ____________ Ca++ reabsorption in the

calcium absorption

increases

increases

kidney

The ductless glands are the ___________ glands

endocrine

________ is released during the milk letdown

oxytocin

relfex

Suckling causes impulses that go to the

hypothalamus

_________

In the milk letdown reflex, oxytocin causes

myoepithelial cells

contraction of the ____________

Increased PTH increases __________ release

Ca++

from bones

The hypophysiotropic hormones from the

anterior pituitary; in the blood

hypothalamus control the secretions of the ________; they reach it by traveling __________

Releasing and inhibiting (or

hypothalamus

hypophysiotropic) hormones are originally released by the __________

What can cause dwarfism?

Cortisol _________ amino acids

Hypersecretion of which hormone would

-abnormal growth hormone receptors -decreased production of IGF-I

increases

adrenal androgens

cause masculinization of a young child or masculinization of a woman?

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

8/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

What hormone has both a releasing and an

GH

inhibiting hormone that controls its secretion?

The effects of hormones are usually _______

slower; longer

acting and _______ lasting than the effects of typical neurons

-peptide hormones Examples of lipid insoluble hormones

-protein hormones -catecholamines

_____________ cause a response dictated by the

second messengers

first messenger or the hormone

T/F cyclic AMP is a second messenger

____________ feedback typically controls

true

negative

hormone secretion

Cortisol acts on the structures that turned

turn off

on its secretion to _________ its secretion

What does prolactin do?

Prolactin is secreted by the _______________

What two hormones are required for

-increase milk secretion -promotes breast gland development

anterior pituitary

prolactin and oxytocin

nursing?

What do tropic hormones do?

The hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting

stimulate or regulate the secretion of an endocrine gland

are

hormones __________ tropic hormones

-LH -FSH What hormones are from the anterior

-GH

pituitary

-prolactin -TSH (thryotropin) -ACTH (corticotropin)

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

9/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

Aldosterone is an important ____________ from

mineralcorticoid

the adrenal cortex

T/F cortisol related drugs are used as anti-

true

inflammatories

Low plasma PTH causes ______________

Decreased Ca++ causes an ___________ in PTH

hypocalcemic tetany

increase

release

Hyperthyroidism causes a ______ BMR

When thyroglobulin is ______________ thyroid

high

split up by enzymes

hormones are released

TSH controls what?

Cortisol can act via a _______ feedback loop

steps of thyroid hormone synthesis and release

long; decrease

to _________ anterior pituitary and hypothalamic hormone secretion

Prolactin can use only a __________ feedback

short

loop

In a _______ feedback loop, an anterior

short

pituitary hormone affects hormone secretion from the hypothalamus

Thyroid hormones increase response to

increase

catecholamines, and therefore ________ heart rate, contractility, and overall cardiac output

Calcitonin does what?

T/F TH promotes the effects of growth

decrease blood calcium

true

hormone on growth

-bone PTH acts on what 3 organs?

-kidney -intestine

Endocrine Physiology https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

10/11

8/29/2021

Endocrine Physiology Flashcards | Quizlet

Vitamin D is made in the ___________

After the hormone binds to the receptor,

skin

transduction

there is signal ____________ that causes a response

What causes gigantism?

hyper-secretion of growth hormone before the epiphyseal plate ossifies

1. follicle cells make thyroglobulin which is secreted into the colloid 2. iodide is cotransported into the follicle cell with sodium 3. iodide enters colloid Steps of thyroid hormone synthesis

4. MIT and DIT make T3 5. DIT and DIT make T4 6. endocytosis of thyroglobulin by follicle cells 7.lysosomal enzymes break apart thyroglobulin 8/ T3 and T4 are released

Aldosterone affects _________ balance

Cushing's syndrome is caused by high

electrolyte

cortisol

levels of ____________

Cushing's syndrome symptoms

What does LH stand for?

https://quizlet.com/288647787/endocrine-physiology-flash-cards/

-moon face -stretch marks

luteinizing hormone

11/11...