ENVS 1301 Introduction to Environmental Sciences Final Exam PDF

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ENVS 1301 Introduction to Environmental Sciences Final Exam...

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Question 1 Which statement is incorrect? Select one: a. Humans are largely responsible for recent climate change. b. Scientific consensus on climate change does not exist. c. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas. d. Both A and B

Question 2 Which of the following is not a characteristic of IPM? Select one: a. managing pests rather than seeking to eradicate them. b. relying, to the extent possible, on non-chemical measures to keep pest populations low. c. completely eradicating pesticide use to eliminate minimizes adverse effects on the environment d. selecting and applying pesticides in a way that minimizes adverse effects on the environment.

Question 3 Which of the following statements is true regarding sustainable cities? Select one: a. Sustainable cities encourage the densification of the city centre. b. Sustainable cities usually accumulate more waste. c. Sustainable cities have long distances between intersections. d. Sustainable cities do not tend to limit urban sprawl.

Question 4 Biologists calculate that species extinctions are currently __________ times the rate seen previously in Earth’s history when there were no unusual geological or climatic events occurring. Select one: a. 5-10 b. 50-100 c. 500-1000 d. 5000-10,000

Question 5 Allopatric speciation: Select one: a. may result from genetic differences among members of a species that have become geographically separated. b. may result from genetic differences among members of a species that have become reproductively separated. c. results from members of a species that can no longer mate. d. all of the above

Question 6 “In the face of high risk or insufficient data, the priority should lie with ecosystem preservation rather than on industrial development and market growth.” This is known as: Select one: a. Preservation Principle b. Precautionary Principle c. Uncertainty Principle d. Safety Principle

Question 7 Mutations: Select one: a. have a great effect on allele frequencies. b. can always be passed to offspring. c. are how all new alleles first arise. d. all of the above

Question 8 The book that enlarges the boundary of the community to include soils, waters, plants and animals; or collectively, the land is called __________. Select one: a. Our Common Future b. Silent Spring c. The Brundtland Report d. A Sand County Almanac

Question 9 Proteins are made out of subunits called __________. Select one: a. polypeptides b. monosaccharides c. amino acids d. nucleotides

Question 10 Life on Earth was created through a method other than evolution. This statement: Select one: a. is an example of a hypothesis. b. can be proved using the scientific method. c. is outside the realm of science. d. is a scientific observation.

Question 11 Nitrogen fixation: Select one: a. is carried out by certain types of bacteria. b. cannot occur in plants without nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts. c. changes nitrogen to a form called nitrates. d. all of the above

Question 12 Pesticides are used: Select one: a. because people are competing with other species for food and survival b. to maintain yields and protect crops from insect outbreaks c. to add nutrients to the soil d. Both A and B are correct

Question 13 Examples of terrestrial biomes include (1) tundras, (2) temperate forests and grasslands, (3) tropical forests and grasslands, (4) lakes and ponds.

Select one: a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 14 Exotic species are: Select one: a. introduced by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve. b. different or unusual looking. c. parrot and snake. d. all of the above.

Question 15 Gene flow: Select one: a. occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. b. must not occur for a population to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. c. is a force of evolution. d. all of the above

Question 16 Which biome has the highest biodiversity? Select one: a. a temperate broadleaf forest b. a temperate hardwood forest c. a tropical grassland d. a tropical rainforest

Question 17 With American consumer lifestyles we would need _____ additional planets to produce the resources, absorb the wastes, and provide general life support functions. Select one: a. two

b. three c. four d. five

Question 18 Which of the following are functions of nucleic acids? Select one: a. They help make proteins. b. They contain instructions for proteins. c. They pass instructions from parents to offspring. d. all of the above

Question 19 Which statement about atoms is false? Select one: a. An atom is the smallest type of particle. b. An atom consists of smaller particles. c. An atom has the properties of an element. d. none of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 20 Women: Select one: a. Are often the farmers who cultivate food crops b. do not spend substantial income on children’s needs c. are generally responsible for food selection and preparation d. are the key to food security for their households e. all of the above f. A, C and D are correct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 21 Currently the human population is exhibiting what type of growth? Select one:

a. logistic b. doubling every 20 years c. exponential d. logarithmic -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 22 Which of the following statements about organic farming is incorrect? Select one: a. It promotes and enhances biodiversity. b. It emphasizes the use of renewable resources. c. It depletes the soil of nutrients more rapidly than conventional agriculture, as no fertilizers are applied. d. It is produced without using most conventional pesticides. e. It promotes the conservation of soil.

Question 23 Radon is an example of: Select one: a. carcinogen b. mutagen c. endocrine disruptor d. teratogen -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 24 Jellyfish and plants are an example of: Select one: a. R-selected species b. K-selected species c. Species that have relatively few offspring. d. Species that contribute large amounts of resources to each offspring. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 25

Sugar and starch are the type of organic compounds called: Select one: a. proteins. b. lipids. c. carbohydrates. d. fats. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 26 __________ advocated preservation of wild places for their inherent beauty and for the sake of the creatures that live there. Select one: a. John Muir b. Adam Smith c. Gifford Pinchot d. Garrett Hardin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 27 Infectious disease of humans whose occurrence during the past two decades has substantially increased or threatens to increase in the near future relative to populations affected, geographic distribution, or magnitude of impacts is known as: Select one: a. Modern hazard b. Emerging and reemerging disease c. Contemporary disease d. Antibiotic resistance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 28 The correct sequence of risk assessment is: Select one: a. risk characterization, hazard identification, toxicity assessment, exposure assessment

b. exposure assessment, hazard identification, toxicity assessment, exposure assessment c. toxicity assessment, hazard identification, exposure assessment, risk characterization d. hazard identification, toxicity assessment, exposure assessment, risk characterization. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 29 An example of point source pollution is: Select one: a. agricultural field b. abandoned mines c. a set of enormous animal farms d. city -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 30 A cell can best be described as: Select one: a. the smallest characteristic of living things. b. the basic structural unit necessary for living things. c. the smallest unit of function of living things. d. the basic unit of the structure and function of living things.

Question 31 __________ assumes that the earth’s resources are not unlimited and that humans must use and conserve resources in a manner that allows their continued use in the future. Select one: a. Evolution b. Sustainable ethic c. Ecofeminism d. Capitalism -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 32 Which of the following is not true of global warming? Global warming: Select one: a. refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth's surface. b. is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. c. is any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. d. is causing climate patterns to change. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 33 A scientific theory is: Select one: a. an educated guess. b. a guess about how or why something happens. c. a statement that describes what always happens under certain conditions in nature. d. an explanation for events that are generally accepted as true. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 34 Which would make the best pioneer species during primary succession? Select one: a. shrubs and trees b. grasses and birch trees c. lichens and some plants d. trees, shrubs and grasses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 35 7CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. The products in this reaction include: Select one: a. methane and oxygen.

b. carbon dioxide and water. c. carbon dioxide and oxygen. d. methane and water.

Question 36 Which of the following is not correct of desalination? Select one: a. Desalination removes dissolved salt from seawater. b. Desalination is an inexpensive method. c. Desalination has high environmental impact. d. Desalination may involve boiling or filtration. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 37 Sustainable development means: Select one: a. addressing our most pressing issues in public housing. b. improving people’s lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future. c. continuing economic growth indefinitely. d. utilizing renewable resources indefinitely. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 38 The criticisms to Our Common Future include: Select one: a. It is silent on resource distribution b. It calls for more growth c. None of the above d. Both A and B -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 39 A good hypothesis must be:

Select one: a. logical. b. based on scientific knowledge. c. falsifiable d. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 40 Science cannot answer all questions. Select one: a. The above statement is true because science cannot answer matters of belief. b. The above statement is false because science can prove that life evolves over time. c. The above statement is false because science is based on observations and evidence. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 41 How is GDP different from the GPI? Select one: a. The GPI takes into non-market values, while the GDP does not. b. The GDP only makes calculations for a single calendar year, while the GPI looks at historical trends and projects into the future. c. GDP does not include items bought and sold over the Internet. Critics say that this makes the GDP out of date and came up with the GPI to add these purchases into the calculations. d. GPI calculates the total value of goods and services, while the GDP focuses on just the goods produced. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 42 Which of the following is a heterotroph? Select one: a. a rattlesnake b. a pine tree

c. a grass lawn d. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 43 In ecology, a community is defined as all the organisms in a(n): Select one: a. population. b. species. c. habitat. d. succession. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 44 Voluntary efforts to keep the “tragedy of the commons” in check are often less effective than official policies due to __________. Select one: a. distorted risk perception b. the precautionary principle c. the resistance principle d. the free-rider issue -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 45 Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by almost _____ since preindustrial times. Select one: a. 100% b. 40% c. 30% d. 10% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 46

A rain shadow occurs on the: Select one: a. windward side of a mountain range. b. lee side of a mountain range. c. north side of a lake or ocean. d. south side of an intertidal zone.

Question 47 Enzymes are: Select one: a. carbohydrates that store biological energy. b. lipids that form biological membranes. c. proteins that speed up biochemical reactions. d. nucleic acids that have the information to make proteins. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 48 Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. This is an example of a: Select one: a. Commensal relationship. b. Predator-prey relationship. c. Parasitic relationship. d. Mutualistic relationship. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question 49 In response to the problems faced by indigenous people the UN proclaimed __________ in 1994. Select one: a. The Indigenous Tribes Appreciation Month b. The International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People c. The Global Awareness Program of the Indigenous Tribes d. The Indigenous People Day

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Question 50 Which of the following are not examples of biocontrol? Select one: a. Use of ladybugs b. Use of butterflies c. Use of parasitic wasps d. Use of Bacillus thuringenensis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...