EVS Assignment - sustainable development PDF

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EVS ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY :

ARSHDEEP KAUR COURSE :

B.A {HONOURS}ENGLISH

SUBMITTED TO : DR. NEHA MISHRA

QUESTION:

WHY DO YOU THINK THERE IS NEED FOR INDIA TO SHIFT FROM NON RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY TO RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY ? WHY SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT BE IMPLEMENT THIS SHIFT SUCCESSFUL

RENEWABLE RESOURCES OVER NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES: RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY is generated from natural resources,they replenish themselves. Five major renewable sources of energy : 1. Solar 2. Wind 3. Water also called,hydro 4. biomass ,organic material from plants and animals 5. Geothermal naturally occurring heat NON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY are available in limited supplies, usually because they take a long time to replenish. The non renewable source of energy are: 1. Coal 2. Nuclear 3. Oil 4. Natural gas Renewable sources have the advantage of unlimited supply whereas non renewable sources are limited in their availability.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF SHIFT FROM NON RENEWABLE TO RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY IN INDIA The primary objective for deploying renewable energy in India is to advance economic development ,improve energy security,improve access to energy, and mitigate climate change. Sustainable development is possible by use of sustainable energy and by ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern energy for citizens. Strong government support and the increasingly opportune economic situation have pushed India to be one of the top leaders in the world's most attractive renewable source of energy markets. The government has designed the policies, programs, and a liberal environment to attract foreign investment to ramp up the country in the renewable energy market at a rapid rate. It is anticipated that the renewable energy sector can create a large number of domestic jobs over the following years in india.

Non renewable sources of electricity such as coal, petroleum, natural gas have contributed to one third of global greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential to raise the standard of living of the people and avoid climatic crises. A mixture of push policies and pull mechanisms, accompanied by particular strategy should promote the development of renewable energy and technologies Given the enormous potential renewables in the country, coherent policy measures and an investor friendly administration might be the key drivers for India to become a global leader in clean and green energy because of the shift from non renewable source of energy to renewable source of energy. India is ranked as the largest producer of electricity with renewable sources of energy. Percentage of 5 main sources of renewable energy: Solar energy{25.21%} Wind energy{25.21%} Water also called,hydro {4.52%} Biomass organic material from plants and animals{9.88%} Geothermal naturally occurring heat {0.4%}

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN IMPLEMENTING THIS RENEWABLE TYPE OF ENERGY SOURCE IN INDIA Government plays a very vital role in implementing and promoting renewable energy . Advancement in technologies, proper regulatory policies. Important steps on renewable sources of energy have been taken with increasing installed capacity. The renewable form of energy goals require continued effort, strong implementation, and improved utilization of capacity, but there are favorable signs. In 2008, India launched its NAPCC, featuring eight national missions, ranging from R&D to sustainable agriculture, with centerpiece programs to scale up solar power and energy efficiency. In relation to renewable energy, there are great opportunities for India and its international partners. As an Ernst & Young report states, in emerging markets “renewable energy potential is attracting high levels of foreign investment, generating new jobs and creating local supply chains.For investors, renewable energy assets are generating robust returns.” [3] The role of government-to-government cooperation and public-private partnerships is also important. Many public officials and business leaders in India have recognized the potential in India and are taking action to make these measures successful and to go further faster, many realize that action is needed along a broad front. This includes technology and finance but also development of knowhow, streamlining of regulation and government administration, and a continued shift to greater reliance on the market. With India’s growing economy and energy security needs, the opportunities are enormous. Not only it is low-carbon energy compatible with economic growth, but in many cases, such as in providing distributed generation in rural areas, it is a better, more cost-effective option. It can help bring relief for smog-choked cities and a new wave of investment opportunities.

ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR Many public officials and business leaders in India have internationally recognized the potential in India and are taking respective action. To make these measures successful and to go further faster, many realize that action is needed along a broad front. This includes technology and finance but also development of knowhow, streamlining of regulation and government administration, and a continued shift to greater reliance on the market. One example of U.S.-Indian private-sector collaboration is the work that the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) are doing with India and U.S. companies to explore, test, and demonstrate new models that would make renewable energy more affordable. This activity creates more private demand for renewable energy that will create new business opportunities. Indian commercial and industrial companies like Infosys have been excellent champions for green power purchasing and understand the energy security value of renewable energy. U.S. companies are also setting increasingly ambitious internal goals for

renewable energy and seeking to source energy in growth markets like India where they have growing footprints. This demand, combined with new models for making renewable energy more affordable, will create new opportunities for energy suppliers from the United States, India, and other markets. Building the demand for renewables from the largest users is one of the approaches that will support India’s renewable energy goals.

QUESTION ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAN GIVE RISE TO TREMENDOUS SOCIAL AND AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Tackling economic inequality cannot come above tackling environmental damagethey both come hand in hand. The most vulnerable in society suffer the most from the effects of environmental damage. In addition, economic inequality exacerbates environmental damage. The two issues are intrinsically linked and in order to tackle them, we need to address them together. vicious cycle As a result of the combined effect of the three channels above, climate change and inequality is locked in a vicious cycle, whereby climate change hazards end up aggravating inequality. It begins with multidimensional inequalities, which then cause greater exposure of the disadvantaged groups to climate hazards, increase their susceptibility to damage caused by these hazards, and decrease their ability to cope with and recover from the damage. As a result, when the climate hazards actually hit, disadvantaged groups suffer disproportionate loss of income and assets (physical, financial, human, and social). Climate change thus makes inequality worse, thus perpetuating the cycle The disadvantaged groups are more susceptible to climate damages and crisis in part because of the lack of diversification of their assets. For example, the urban poor tend to have their savings in the form of housing stock, which is vulnerable to floods. Similarly, the rural poor often have their savings in the form of livestock, which is susceptible to droughts. Their situation contrasts with that of the wealthier households, who can diversify their assets, both spatially and financially and are therefore less susceptible to damage caused by climate hazards.

REASON FOR ECONOMIC INEQUALITY There are a number reasons put forward for this being the case: inequality is thought to fuel individualism by suppressing people’s care for common goods like environmental sustainability. Instead those in more unequal societies face anxiety. They are more likely to aim for unattainable consumption goals set by the rich, and therefore they consume more at a faster rate, as this is perceived as a sign of success. This is problematic as the rich tend to consume far more than the rest of the population It can be argued that the notion of economic growth with its ever increasing production rate, has become a substitute for equality of opportunity and income. If this is the case then it spells disaster for the environment. More equal societies are therefore needed to change how and what people consume. A common explanation for environmental inequality is that polluting corporations do not intentionally discriminate. Instead, they place facilities where land is cheap and where labor pools are available. Both help companies in their quest to maximize profits. Often, marginalized communities already live in such areas, and once a hazardous facility is present, they likely lack the resources to move.

UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES One of the most striking example of the unequal distribution of resources on the planet is food resources that is the existence of chronic hunger in some parts of the world. Especially for children, hunger can be deadly or have grave consequences because for their growth they need an optimum amount of food resources. As such, one of the millennium development goals is to reduce severe and moderate malnutrition by half among children that are younger than five years old. The recent price hike is another sign of the unequal distribution of resources on the planet. It is not likely that people in rich countries will go hungry during the food crisis. This is because people in developed countries spend only a relatively small amount of their income on food. However, many families in poor countries spend up to 80 % of their income on food. If prices of certain foods double, these families will not be able to buy food anymore. Because they would have no means to buy food to satisfy their hunger. "The world holds enough to satisfy everyone's need," Mahatma Gandhi once observed, "but not everyone's greed." In these few words he identified the main cause of most of the world's social and economic problems--and also pointed to their obvious solution. Poverty, hunger, homelessness, illiteracy, preventable disease, polluted air and water, and most of the other ills that beset humanity have the same root cause: the inequitable distribution of the planet's wealth and resources. People who have an adequate income, no matter where they may live, are well-fed, well-housed, well-educated. They don't have to visit food banks or sleep under bridges. This simple truth underscores the equally obvious fact that the answer to most human misery and injustice is a fair allocation of the

world's wealth. Unfortunately, the economic system that now predominates in most parts of the world-unfettered global capitalism--promotes, defends, and even extols an obscenely unequal distribution of wealth. Its three basic principles are greed, individualism, and competition--all of which militate against economic and social justice.

CONSEQUENCES OF UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION Human settlement and population distribution. It means that people tend to settle and cluster in places that have the resources they need to survive and thrive. The geographic factors that most influence where humans settle are water, soil, vegetation, climate, and landscape. Because South America, Africa, and Australia have fewer of these geographic advantages, they have smaller populations than North America, Europe, and Asia. Human migration is also one of the reasons as Large groups of people often migrate to a place that has the resources they need or want and migrate away from a place that lacks the resources they need. The Trail of Tears, Westward Movement, and the Gold Rush are examples of historical migrations related to the desire for land and mineral resources. Economic activities in a region related to the resources in that region. Economic activities that are directly related to resources include farming, fishing, ranching, timber processing, oil and gas production and tourism Trade. Countries may not have the resources that are important to them, but trade enables them to acquire those resources from places that do. Japan is a country with very limited natural resources, and yet is one of the richest countries in Asia. Sony, Nintendo, Canon, Toyota, Honda. Conquest, conflict, and war. Many historical and present-day conflicts involve nations trying to control resource-rich territories. For example, the desire for diamond and oil resources has been the root of many armed conflicts in Africa.

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