Exam 2 Review - Summary Microbiology Lab PDF

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Exam 2 Review...

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1. Which of the following is true of catabolism? - Catabolic reactions are exergonic; they break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones. 2. Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? - Each enzyme has a characteristic three-dimensional shape. 3. The chemical reaction involved in synthesizing proteins and cell wall peptidoglycan are examples of ______ reactions. - Anabolic 4. Which of the following statements is accurate concerning glucose metabolism? - Pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is the starting black for both the Krebs cycle and fermentation. 5. The complete oxidation (catabolism) of glucose typically involves three stages. The greatest about of ATP is produced in which stage? - The electron transport chain. 6. Which of the following molecules carry electrons during various stages of glucose catabolism? - NADH and FADH2 7. Which of the following four stages of glucose oxidation requires molecular oxygen? - Oxidative phosphorylation 8. Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? - Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and anaerobic respiration uses either an inorganic molecule, such as nitrate ions or sulfate ions, or an organic molecule, such as an acid or alcohol. 9. Carbon fixation occurs during _________ - Photosynthesis 10. Fermentation differs from anaerobic respiration in all of the following ways EXCEPT that fermentation does NOT ________ - Use an electron transport chain 11. When fermentation tests are used to help identify bacteria, which of the following end-products is typically detected by a color change? - Acid 12. Which of the following are products of light dependent photosynthetic reactions and are necessary for the light-independent photosynthetic reactions to occur? - ATP and NADPH 13. During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, organisms ________ - Synthesize sugars 14. Nitrobacter bacteria use carbon dioxide for their carbon source and nitrate ions as an energy source. This organism is a ____ - Chemoautotroph 15. Which group of organisms has members representing each of the following nutritional classifications: chemoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, and photoautotrophs? - Bacteria

16. Which of the following molecules traps energy released during oxidation reduction reactions? - ATP 17. Some amino acids are synthesized by adding an amine group to pyruvic acid or to one of the Krebs cycle intermediates. This process is known as _______. - Amination 18. You inoculate a bacterial culture into a tube containing glucose and peptides. The pH indicator shows that the pH decreased after 24 hours and then increased at 48 hours. What has caused the increase in pH? - Deamination 19. Which of the following terms refers to pathways that can function both in anabolism and catabolism? - Amphibolic pathways 20. Like glucose, amino acids are catabolized for energy, but these must be converted to a form where they can enter the Krebs cycle for oxidation. All of the following reactions occur in the catabolism of amino acids EXCEPT ______. - Carbon fixation

1. Which of the following statements regarding biofilms is true? - The microbes in biofilms can work cooperatively to carry out complex tasks. 2. Before bacteria can be identified, mixed cultures must be separated. What technique is used to separate bacteria and get individual colonies? - Streak plate 3. All of the following statements about culture media are accurate EXCEPT which one? - Nutrient agar contains ingredients that combine with oxygen and removed it. 4. A medium containing chemicals to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria would be called _______. - Selective 5. A bacterial medium contains chemicals that inhibit gram-positive bacteria and indicators so that bacteria that ferment lactose produce red colonies, and bacteria that do not ferment lactose produce colorless colonies. Such a medium is called _________. - Both selective and differential 6. You inoculate two tubes of liquid culture media with 100 bacterial cells and incubate one tube at 37 degrees Celsius and the other at 55 degrees Celsius. After 48 hours, there are 20,000 bacteria per ml in the 37-degree tube and 1,568,000 bacteria per ml in the 55-degree tube. You conclude that this species is a _______. - Thermophile 7. What is quorum sensing? - The ability of bacteria in a biofilm to communicate with each other and coordinate their activities. 8. All of the following can be used to preserve bacterial culture EXCEPT _______. - Storing cultures at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius)

9. To look for bacteria that degrade petroleum, a culture media containing crude oil, sodium nitrate, phosphate buffer, and magnesium sulfate is inoculated with soil. This medium is _____. - Complex 10. You are testing the number of coliforms in a drinking water source. Which of the following test methods would be best to use? - Filtration 11. Which level of biosafety (BSL) is appropriate for handling organisms that present the highest risk of level for infection and the lowest success rate for prevention and treatment? - BSL-4 12. Bacteria that CANNOT grow in the presence of oxygen (O2) are called ________. - Obligate anaerobes 13. Clostridium can be cultured in an anaerobic incubator or in the presence of atmospheric oxygen if thioglycolate is added to the nutrient broth. The addition of thioglycolate makes the medium _____. - Reduced 14. Campylobacer bacteria are grown with a CampyPak that produces 5% carbon dioxide and 15% oxygen. This bacterium is ________. - Microaerophile 15. Bacteria that spoil food in the refrigerator are most likely _____. - Psychrotrophs 16. Which biosafety level features open laboratory bench tops, gloves, lab coat, and face/eye protection? - BSL – 2 17. If 52 bacterial colonies grow on a nutrient agar plate inoculated with 1 ml of 1:1000 dilution of hamburger, how many bacteria are in the original hamburger sample? - 52,000 bacteria per g 18. During log phase, bacteria are ________. - Dividing at the fastest possible rate 19. Assume that you inoculated potato salad with 10 bacterial cells and stored it at room temperature. After 3 hours, there are 640 cells. How many generations did the cells go through? - 6 generations 20. Bacterial reproduction occurs by what process? - Binary fission...