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University of Toronto at ScarboroughMake-Up Midterm ExamHuman Health and the EnvironmentEES A10 HLast name, First Name:_________________________________Student Number: _______________________Section (Wednesday or Thursday): __________________Instructions:1. This exam consists of 60 multiple-choice q...

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University of Toronto at Scarborough

Make-Up Midterm Exam

Human Health and the Environment EES A10 H3

Last name, First Name:_________________________________ Student Number: _______________________ Section (Wednesday or Thursday): __________________

Instructions: 1. This exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions. 2. Write the answer to each question in the card provided and circle the answer in the exam as well. These answers could be used in case the answer card is lost. 3. Be sure that you write your name, student number and course name in your exam and in your answer card. 4. No aids are allowed. Only pencil, pen and erasers are permitted. 5. Follow the instructions on how to fill the answer card carefully. If you do not fill the card properly your answers may be mark as wrong. 6. Time: 2 hrs.

1- Which one is known as an environmental disease? a- Cancer b- Minamata disease c- Itai-Itai byo d. cancer of scrotum in chimney sweepers e. All of the above 2- Which statement about metal-induced diseases is not true? a- they are mainly occupational health diseases b- they result mostly from chronic exposure c- they are diseases affecting the respiratory system only d- they bioconcentrate but do not bioaccumulate e- c and d. 3- Which is not a risk arising from the ozone layer depletion? a- damaged plants b- teratogenic effects c- cataracts d- immunodepresion e. none of the above 4- A chemical compound can be in the environment as a contaminant and not be a pollutant a- True b- False c- Need more information 5- Many organic pollutants are contained in commercial pesticides a-True b- False c- Need more information 6- Cadmium is a radioactive toxic metal that is present in the human environment because of industrial activities a-True b- False c- Need more information 7- Aerosols and mist are a form of gaseous pollutants: a.True b. False c. Need more information 8- Which of the following statements is not true about smog: a- “smog” is derived from “smoke” and “fog” b- High concentration during temperature inversion c- It subsides quickly d- It is a mixture of gaseous and particulate matter 9-

and are two health effects resulting from exposure to air pollution. a- Irritation of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, acute b- Irritation of the eyes, asthma, acute c- Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic d- a and c e- All of the above

10- Which of the following is the most important factor in the global dispersion of pollutants? a- wind b- Regional environmental laws c- place of emission d- groundwater pollution e- all of the above 11- Compared to groundwater, surface water is more prone to which kind of contamination? a. chemical b. biological c. physical d. b and c e. all of the above 12- The general trend of water usage in developing countries is that ________ a. most freshwater is used for industrial purposes b. most freshwater is used for agricultural purposes c. most freshwater is used for domestic purposes d. a and b e. b and c 13- Which of the following is a point source of pollutants? a. agricultural surface runoff b. industrial discharge c. leakages in sewers network d. a and c e. none of the above 14- Why is chlorination important in water and wastewater treatment? a. it allows inexpensive water disinfection b. it removes organic pollutants as well as bacteria and protozoa c. it keeps the water disinfected along the distribution network d. it attacks all chemicals e- a and c 15- Which of the following statements is not true? a. waterborne diseases are caused by microorganisms that survive in the water and are ingested b. water washed diseases are caused by microorganisms that could be washed of by water (if we cleaned properly) c. water-based diseases are caused by microorganisms that live in water d. water-related diseases are caused by microorganisms that live in water and get in contact with humans through water ingestion e. water-dispersed diseases are caused by microorganisms that reproduce in water but are transmitted through air 16- Nitrogen is of particular concern when in the form of ‘s ability to transfer oxygen; this is called . a- nitrates, red blood cells, mesothelioma b- nitrites, red blood cells, anemia c- nitrites, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia d- nitrates, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia

because they inhibit the

17- Which statement about radon is true: a- it is a naturally occurring radioactive gas b- it is not carcinogenic c- humans are exposed to it through water only d- it is present in the environment because of nuclear tests e- none of the above 18- Arsenic is also a chemical threat to water quality, which of the following is not a potential health effect of exposure to it? a- Irritation of lungs b- skin lesions c- cancer d- vision loss e- keratoses of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet 19- Which of the following is a threat posed by pharmaceuticals in wastewater? a- Antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment b- Impact on aquatic organisms exposed in receiving waters c- Impacts on invertebrates exposed in soil d- Alteration of the microbial communities in soil and sediments e- All of the above 20- Water quantity is another problem faced by human beings because: a- There is a boom in population growth b- It is getting polluted and is less available for human consumption c- Because there are more water leakages d- All of the above except for c e- All of the above 21- Teratogenic effects due to lead exposure include all of the following except for: a- Deficit in intellectual intelligence b- Growth rate c- Birth rate d- Renal failure e- All of the above are teratogenic effects of lead exposure 22- Which of the following is a non-hazardous form of mercury? a- Mercuric mercury b- Volatilized Metallic Mercury c- Mercurous mercury d- Methyl Mercury e- All of the above are hazardous 23aggravates the global problem of mercury in that it allows for the of organic compounds of mercury in the soil. The mercury is then more susceptible of being converted into and then in plants. a- Atmospheric transport, dispersion, mercurous mercury, bioaccumulating b- Deforestation, degradation, methyl mercury, bioconcentrating c- Atmospheric transport, dispersion, methyl mercury, bioconcentrating d- Deforestation, degradation, mercuric mercury, evaporating e- None of the above 24- Which of the following is not a health effect of mercury exposure a- Lung injuries

b- Vision loss c- Debilitated neurobehavioral abilities d- Erethism e. Birth defects 25- Which one of the following animals is very important in the biomagnification of mercury ? a- Fish b- Birds c- Cats d- Cows e- All of the above 26- Minimata disease is a poisoning that mainly affects the resulting from excessive consumption of subject to of . a- Central nervous system, fish, bioaccumulation, methyl mercury b- Central nervous system, water, contamination, arsenic c- Respiratory system, water, contamination, asbestos d- Skin, fish, bioaccumulation, lead 27- Arsenic is naturally occurring in plants from which it may be released into groundwater through the roots: a- True b- False c- Need more information 28-Bangladesh’s arsenic poisoning happened because of: a- Industrial pollution b- Exploitation of mineral resources c- Excessive extraction of ground water d- Inadequate waste water treatment e- all of the above 29- World population began growing at a considerable rate beginning: a- the 1800s b- the 1850s c- the 1900s d- the 1950s 30-

consume(s) 65% of all natural resources and generates 75% of the world’s waste. a- 5% of the world’s population b- Asia c- Industrialized countries d- 50% of the world’s population e- Developing Countries

31- Which of the following is human health interrelated to: a- population growth, b- human consumption, c- medical improvements d- environmental degradation e. all of the above 32- Which case is not among the 50% of transformed land surface? a- Desertification of forests

b- Degraded productive capacity of agricultural land c- Creation of lakes d- Deforested areas 33- Which of the following are possible mitigation measures for the impact of population growth on human health? a. birth rate reduction b. Development of renewable energy sources c. Protection of biodiversity d. All of the above 34- Which of the following is not an indicator of global climate change ? a- Rise in sea level b- Decrease in snow cover c- Population growth d- Icecaps melt e- All of the above are indicators 35- Environmental changes due to climate change include a- Migration of species b- Glacial retreats c- Diseases’ emergence d- Change in the sea level e- All of the above 36- Weather and temperature changes mostly affect health a- Directly b- Indirectly c- Slightly d- a and b e- Need more information 37- Insect and rodent-borne diseases emerged after hurricane Mitch due to a- Disease causing microorganisms being carried by the hurricane b- Unusual warm weather c- Deforestation d- b and c e- All of the above 38-“El Niño Southern Oscillation” influences disease outbreaks in various regions in the world because it regulates a- temperature b- precipitation c- storms d- b and c e- a, b and c 39- All species are affected to the same extent by human activity: a- True b- False c- Need more information 40- Factors hastening species loss include: a- Climate change

bcde-

Water pollution Urbanization All of the above a and b

41- Species can be beneficial for given that they have developed which we can use for humans. a- medicine, chemicals, survival b- research models, lifestyles, growth c- research models, survival mechanisms, resilience d- a and c

that enhance their

42- Pacific Yew is a tree containing which beneficial chemical compound? a- Vinblastine b- Quinine c- Taxol d- Neomycin 43- Bears are of particular interest to researchers given their ability to avoid of the following health conditions during their hibernation period? a- bone resorption and uremia b- weight loss and uremia c- bone resorption and immunity system deficiency d- uremia and insomnia 44- An example of human infectious disease that can be altered by species loss is: a- AIDS b- Asthma c- Skin lesions d- Malaria 45-

Overfishing can lead to disease outbreak in humans because it would result in: a- Less biodiversity in aquatic systems b- Disrupting the prey-predator order c- Consuming contaminated fish d- All of the above

46- Ozone is formed by the reaction of: a- Ultraviolet radiation and smog b- Ultraviolet radiation and CO2 c- Ultraviolet radiation and O2 d- O2 and NOx e- Acid rain and O2 47- The ozone layer is in the : a- Stratosphere b- Troposphere c- The closest atmospheric layer to earth’s surface d- b and c e- None of the above 48- Which of the following statements is not true: a- UVA is more readily absorbed by ozone

b- UVA is the less harmful form of UV c- UVB can have serious effects on living cells d- UVB has a shorter wavelength 49- The biggest threat to the ozone layer is a- Climate change b- CFCs c- Vehicle emissions d- a and b e- All of the above 50- The ozone hole forms a- Rapidly, tropical b- Seasonally, polar c- Constantly, polar d- Slowly, northern

over

regions.

51- Which of the following is not a health effect of ozone depletion? a- Skin cancer b- Irritation of respiratory tract c- Cataracts d- Gene mutations e- immunodepresion 52- Which of the following is not a direct effect of ozone depletion a- Damaged plants b- Weaker immune system c- Increased risk of cancer d- Cataracts e- All of the above 53- Which of the following are adaptations of living organisms to deal with the effects of UV radiation? a.UV-absorbing surface layers b. Cells feeding on UV to grow c.Cell replacement d. All of the above e.a and c 54- In 1952, a severe case of smog formation resulted in the excess death of 4000 people mainly because: a. The smog was very thick b. The smog remained for several days c. Smog is denser than air d. Temperature inversion e. b and d

55- What is the most pronounced change in disease patterns in the US between 1900 and 1950? a. A shift from a dominance of malaria to cancer b. A shift from acute to chronic illnesses c. A jump of heart diseases d. An increase in suicide incidence e. All of the above 56- What would be a proof of environmental chemicals affecting the reproductive system? a. Observations of sterility of males exposed to chemicals b. Tests proving them to be endocrine disruptors c. Observed adverse health effects d. all of the above e. a and b 57-

The Love Canal episode was a case of : a. Biological pollution b. chemical pollution c. waterborne diseases d- excessive air pollution e- overexploitation of biodiversity

58- The “itai-itai-byo” or “ouch-ouch” disease refers to a case of contamination in Jintsu River with: a- arsenic b- lead c- cadmium d- mercury e- zinc 59- In the Amazon Basin, gold mining is leading miners to discard very big amounts of into the environment. It is used to extract the gold after which it is molten. a. DDT b. PCB c. Mercury d. Quinone e. Lead 60-Why is this a serious health matter (referring to the last question): a. Because the substance enters groundwater and contaminates drinking wells b. Because the substance is carcinogenic and might affect the minors c. Because the substance is bioaccumulable and enters the food chain d. Because the substance is radioactive e. All of the above

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