Exam 4 May, answers PDF

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1. Name the current that can flow in one direction for one second or longer and what are its parameters? Ans. Direct current Emf 45 – 60 volts Amperage 120mA Polarity both positive and negative 2. What is the difference between anodal galvanism and cathodal galvanism and what are their uses? Ans. Anodal galvanism used in acute painful conditions and in this pain relief is due to increased concentration of H+ and K+ ions which accumulate in ischemia and inflammation. Low dosage is used for good results Cathodal galvanism used in chornic painful condition and cause counter irritant effect

3. How would you find out which electrode is anode or cathode? Ans. Add salt in water dip both electrodes in the solution and pass the current note that gas is release on anode as chlorine is positively charge and sodium deposite on cathode. 4. What is HFC and what are its bacterial effects? Ans. High frequency currents are rapidly alternating currents The sensory and motor nerves can not be stimulated with a high frequency current Having a frequency of 500,000 cycles per sec

► BACTERIAL EFFECTS More blood brought to the area due to vasodilatation brings more white blood cells and antibodies thus reinforces the defence mechanism of the body Some bacteria are heat sensitive and thus can be destroyed by the heat produced by HFC 5. What are the uses of faradic current? 6. A patient come to you with a history of weak quads and your objective is to increase muscle strength, what will be the choice of current and its parameters? Ans. Treatment time : 35 minutes Type of current: combination therapy MF,TENS /Russian Parameters: MF, 8 sequence of each 2 min. interval time of 02 mins after each sequence Contraction rhythm: 1/4/1/9

7. How you prevent accommodation os current? Ans. By surging 8. Why we cannot stimulate denervated muscle through faradic current and if we want to stimulate denervated muscle what will be the choice of current? Ans. The faradic and faradic type of current will not stimulate a denervated muscle because the duration of the stimulus is too short for the muscles to appreciate. IDC can stimulate denervated muscle...