Exam 4 Practice Test PDF

Preview

Summary

In-depth practice questions for exam 4 material with answers in bold...

Description

1. Who first identified there was a Transforming agent that, whatever it was, must be the genetic material? a) Griffith b) Avery c) Hershey and Chase d) Meselson and Stahl e) Watson and Crick. 2. Who first demonstrated that DNA Replication occurred by semiconservative replication? a) Griffith b) Avery c) Hershey and Chase d) Meselson and Stahl e) Watson and Crick. 3. Who first proposed the “one gene – one enzyme” theory? a) Griffith b) Avery c) Beadle and Tatum d) Meselson and Stahl e) Watson and Crick. 4. Which of the following bases is NOT found in DNA? a) Adenine b) Uracil c) Cytosine d) Thymine e) Guanine. 5. To which carbon atom on deoxyribose are new nucleotides added during DNA replication? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5. 6. In nucleic acids, the phosphate is attached to which of the following? a) the base only b) the sugar only c) other phosphates only d) both bases and sugars e) both sugars and other phosphates. 7. Adenine will pair with which of the following in RNA? a) Thymine b) Uracil c) Cytosine d) Guanine e) two of the above. 8. Cytosine will pair with which of the following in DNA? a) Thymine b) Uracil c) Cytosine d) Guanine e) two of the above. 9. Which of the following would separate the two strands of DNA during Replication? a) DNA Ligase b) DNA Polymerase III c) Helicase d) Primase e) Topoisomerase. 10. Which of the following would relieve supercoiling in front of the replication fork? a) DNA Ligase b) DNA Polymerase III c) Helicase d) Primase e) Topoisomerase. 11. Which of the following catalyzes the addition of a new nucleotide into a growing DNA chain during DNA replication? a) DNA Ligase b) DNA Polymerase III c) Helicase d) Primase e) Topoisomerase. 12. Which of the following connects Okazaki fragments during DNA replication? a) Topoisomerases b) DNA Ligase c) Helicase d) DNA Polymerase III e) Single Strand Binding Proteins.

13. Which of the following is responsible for producing RNA during DNA replication? a) DNA Polymerase III b) Helicase c) DNA Ligase d) Primase e) none of the above - there is no RNA produced during DNA replication. 14. What template does Telomerase use to add new nucleotides to the 3’ end of chromosomes? a) the leading strand b) the lagging strand c) both the leading and lagging strands d) an internal RNA template e) the RNA primer strand.

15. Which of the following mRNA molecules would be Transcribed from the following DNA: 5’ATTGCCTAACCC3’? a) 5’UAACGGAUUGGG3’ b) 5’GGGUUAGGCAAU3’ c) 5’ATTGCCTAACCC3’ d) 5’GGGAAUCCGUUA3’ e) 5’AUUGCCUAAGGG3’

16. Using the Genetic Code above, what protein would be Translated from the following mRNA: 5’ UCC-CCA-GGA 3’? a) Arg-Thr-Pro b) Ser-Pro-Gly c) Ser-Try-Gly d) Arg-Gly-Pro e). none of the above. 17. Using the Genetic Code above, what protein would be Translated from the following mRNA: 3’ UAC-CGU-GGU 5’? a) Try-Arg-Gly b) Trp-Cys-His c) Thr-Thr-Val d) Met-Ala-Pro e) none of the above. 18. Using the Genetic Code above, what protein would be Translated from the following DNA 5’ ATG-CAT-GTC 3’? a) Try-Val-Glu b) Leu-Try-Asp c) Met-His-Val d) Asp-Met-His e) none of the above. 19. To what site on a gene does RNA Polymerase first attach to begin RNA Synthesis? a) the very 5’ end b) the very 3’ end c) the initiation codon AUG d) the promoter e) the terminator. 20. In which of the following ways can mRNA be post-Transcriptionally modified? a) addition of a 5’ 7-methyl Guanosine Cap b) removal of nucleotides from the 5’ end c) removal of introns d) addition of a poly-A tail e) all of the above.

21. In which of the following ways can rRNA be post-Transcriptionally modified? a) addition of a 5’ 7-methyl Guanosine Cap b) removal of nucleotides from the 5’ end c) removal of introns d) addition of a poly-A tail e) two of the above. 22. In which of the following ways can tRNA be post-Transcriptionally modified? a) chemical modification of bases b) removal of nucleotides from the 5’ end c) removal of introns d) addition of CCA to the 3’ end e) all of the above. 23. Which of the following RNAs can be post-Transcriptionally modified by the removal of nucleotides from either the 5’ or 3’ end of the molecule? a) mRNA b) tRNA c) rRNA d) two of the above e) all of the above. 24. Which of the following RNAs can be post-Transcriptionally modified by the chemical Modification of bases? a) mRNA b) tRNA c) rRNA d) two of the above e) all of the above. 25. What energy source is used to attach an amino acid to its proper tRNA? a) one GTP b) two GTP c) one ATP d) two ATP e) no energy is used. 26. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases have binding sites for which of the following? a) an amino acid b) ATP c) a tRNA d) two of the above e) all of the above. 27. To which position on the Ribosome does the first tRNA attach? a) the A site b) the B site c) the P site d) the R site e) the E site. 28. Which of the following help ribosomal proteins attach to rRNA, in the right positon and order, to produce ribosomal subunits? a) tRNA b) chaperone proteins c) ATP d) amino acyl-tRNA synthetases d) none of the above – they attach all by themselves. 29. If a tRNA is bound to the P site of a Ribosome, after Translocation, to what site will it be bound? a) the A site b) the B site c) the P site d) the R site e) the E site. 30. What organelle, in conjunction with the Ribosome produces Glycoproteins? a) Chloroplast b) Mitochondria c) Endoplasmic Reticulum d) Lysosomes e) none of the above, the Ribosome produces Glycoproteins all by themselves. 31. What type of mutation would typically be produced by a Base Analog? a) Addition mutation b) Deletion mutation c) Substitution mutation d) any of the above would be possible e) none of the above. 32. During Nucleotide Excision Repair, which of the following would remove the damaged section of DNA containing the Thymine dimer? a) UvrABA b) UvrC c) UvrD d) DNA Ligase e) DNA Polymerase 33. During Nucleotide Excision Repair, which of the following would replace the DNA Nucleotides removed or excised from the strand containing the Thymine dimer? a) UvrABA b) UvrC c) UvrD d) UvrE e) DNA Polymerase.

34. If you are told that a mutation in the third codon has altered the nucleotide sequence in a gene, but not it’s amino acid sequence in the protein, what type of mutation could this be? a) a substitution mutation b) a deletion mutation c) an addition mutation d) either a deletion or addition mutation e) none of the above – it would have to alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. 35. Which of the following type of mutation, in a mRNA, would cause the most extensive change to the amino acid sequence of the protein that mRNA codes for? a) a substitution mutation in the third codon b) an addition mutation in the third codon c) a substitution mutation in the 134th codon d) an addition mutation in the 134th codon d) they would all have the same effect. 36. How many chromatids make up one chromosome during G1 of Interphase? a) none b) one c) two d) four e) sixteen. 37. When do individual chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate during Mitosis? a) Anaphase b) Prophase c) Interphase d) Metaphase e) Telophase. 38. When during the Cell Cycle does DNA Replication occur? a) Anaphase b) G1 of Interphase c) S of Interphase d) Prophase e) Telophase. 39. When do Centrosomes grow Microtubules into the Nuclear area to connect to the Centromeres of Chromosomes? a) Prophase b) G2 of Interphase c) Metaphase d) Telophase e) S of Interphase. 40. What activates CDK to phosphorylate RB and stimulate cell division? a) Protein Kinase A b) Cyclin c) the doubling of the cytoplasm d) the activity of Centrosomes e) the DNA Replication during Interphase. Review Notes for mitosis and meiosis:  Chromosome vs. Chromatid o Chromatin winds into a chromatid o Chromatid gets copied in S of interphase o Two sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome o Sister chromatids are pulled apart (anaphase) of mitosis so each cell has a copy of the same chromosome o Homologous chromosomes are the same type of chromosome (for example chromosome 1), but you get you version of the chromosome from mom and one version from dad. o Homologous chromosomes are in seen in meiosis o Each homologous chromosome is copied for meiosis (so you have two identical copies of chromosome 1 from mom and two identical copies of chromosome 1 from dad)  Each copy is made up of two sister chromatids (so there are 4 sister chromatids in total, 2 of the chromatids are identical versions of

o o o o o

chromosome 1 one from mom and 2 are identical versions of chromosome from dad) In meiosis anaphase I the homologous chromosomes separate In meiosis anaphase II the sister chromatids separate Typically you have 46 chromsomes in total (23 from mom, 23 from dad)  Cell is considered diploid During mitosis the cell increases to 92 then splits back apart into 46 chromosomes During meiosis the cell increases to 92 chromosomes and splits back into 4 daughter cells, each containing 23 chromosomes (haploid)...