Exam Bank- multiple choice questions and answers PDF

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Exam/test bank for all chapters of the psychology of death & dying textbook...

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Chapter One: As We Think About Death Multiple Choice 1.0. Kastenbaum observed that Hollywood portrayals of death emphasize all the following EXCEPT the notion: Answer: b. of open communication, as in interpersonal connecting with significant words of parting. 2.0. A new question has arisen about gory details on television programs such as CSI and whether their portrayal of death serves to ______ death. Answer: c. depersonalize 3.0. The ______ is a person who is quick to introduce a fatalistic statement often as an attempt to end a discussion about death before it begins. Answer: c. silencer 4.0. The leading cause of death for the population in general is: Answer: c. heart disease. 5.0. The earliest childhood memory reported by most adults is an experience of: Answer: b. death. 6.0. Of the 100 individuals Jack Kevorkian "assisted" in death, how many were terminally ill? Answer: d. less than one third 7.0. One study that followed patients through their postoperative period found that: Answer: c. those with positive religious coping styles experienced less pain and distress. 8.0. Personal experience with dying and death influences our: Answer: d. attitudes, beliefs, and feelings. 9.0. Which of the following is NOT true of living wills? Answer: b. Most people in the United States have initiated a living will. 10.0. Studies have found that the people who sign organ donor cards are: Answer: d. all of the above 11.0. A study found that those who crossed the street in a high risk-taking manner were: Answer: a. more likely to have contemplated or attempted suicide in the past. 12.0. Upon viewing his friend Ivan Ilych's corpse, Peter Ivanovich: Answer: c. tried to differentiate and distance himself from Ilych. 13.0. Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms Kastenbaum highlighted regarding research using death anxiety scales? Answer: a. Studies often involve resurveying participants many times. 14.0. Most self-report studies find that the general population has a ______ level of death anxiety. Answer: b. low to moderate 15.0. Most self-report studies find that: Answer: a. women have higher death anxiety scores than men. 16.0. Studies regarding age and death anxiety show that death anxiety: Answer: b. shows either no age differences or decreases somewhat in the later adult years. 17.0. In a longitudinal study conducted in the United States that examined the relationship between religiousness and fear of death and dying, researchers found: Answer: a. strong religious beliefs did not provide an effective buffer against fear of death 18.0. The apprehensiveness and restlessness we carry around with us in everyday life is sometimes called: Answer: b. trait anxiety.

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19.0. "We cannot really fear death, because we cannot really imagine our own death." This statement is at the core of the ______ death anxiety theory. Answer: c. early psychoanalytic 20.0. Which of the following is NOT true of the early psychoanalytic perspective on death anxiety? Answer: a. Death anxiety comes into consciousness as we learn to comprehend our own annihilation. 21.0. "Our fears take many specific forms but can be traced back to our sense of vulnerability to death." This statement is at the core of the ______ death anxiety theory. Answer: a. existential 22.0. Which of the following is NOT consistent with terror management theory? Answer: c. Developing one's own accurate view of personal dying and death provides protection against death anxiety. 23.0. Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the edge theory? Answer: c. It is consistent with existential theory. 24.0. The individual who is not "in denial," but simply directing his or her attention to whatever seems most salient in the moment is demonstrating: Answer: d. selective attention. 25.0. The individual who fully comprehends the reality of his or her situation but decides to fight for life as long as possible is demonstrating: Answer: a. resistance. 26.0. In ______, the dying and death reality is acknowledged, but the person stops just short of realizing the situation. Answer: c. compartmentalizing 27.0. The statement "It would be better if I did not let others know how I feel right now" is an example of: Answer: d. selective response. 28.0. The statement "A touch of indigestion, that's all" is an example of: Answer: b. *denial.* Minimizing the danger 29.0. A woman who was discovered intently sweeping the floor of her home after a tornado had passed through the city, while the floor was practically all that was remaining of her home, is an example of: Answer: b. denial (temporary). 30.0. Prolongation of life was the primary mission of: Answer: a. alchemy. True/False 1.0. Through the centuries, most people died before what we now would consider to be midlife. Answer: a. true 2.0. The statements, "There's nothing to think about. When your number's up, it's up" are representative of a fatalistic view. Answer: a. true 3.0. Observing your own responses to self-inventory of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings toward death is part of the self-monitoring process that has been found invaluable by many people who work systematically with death related issues. Answer: a. true 4.0. A person born in the United States in 1900 had an average life expectancy of 42 years Answer: b. false 5.0. About one person in three in the United States now chooses cremation. Answer: b. false

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6.0. Cryonic suspension is another word used for cremation. Answer: b. false 7.0. Homicide rates have been consistently the highest in Southern states. Answer: a. true 8.0. Researchers have found that individuals who choose NOT to be organ donors often have a fear of being declared dead prematurely. Answer: a. true 9.0. Mortality salience can only be a factor in a research study for participants who have been exposed directly to death, such as soldiers and paramedics. Answer: a. false 10.0. Nearly 200 human bodies have been placed in cryonic suspension worldwide. Answer: b. false 11.0. A survey of studies conducted in 15 nations showed that women tend to have higher death anxiety scores on self-report scales. Answer: a. true 12.0. Death anxiety tends to be relatively high in adolescence and early adulthood. Answer: a. true 13.0. A study by Russac et al. (2007) found that women experienced a secondary peak in death anxiety as they entered their fifties. Answer: a. true 14.0. It is unusual for people to experience an upsurge of death anxiety when they realize how close they have come to being killed in a motor vehicle accident. Answer: b. false 15.0. In Freud's view, thanatophobia is the result of castration anxiety. Answer: a. true 16.0. Becker, an advocate of the existential position, argues that death anxiety is the root of schizophrenia. Answer: a. true 17.0. A criticism of Freud’s and Becker’s positions about death anxiety is that basic assumptions of both of these perspectives appear to be beyond empirical investigation. Answer: a. true 18.0. Denial, in the psychiatric sense, is a primitive defense mechanism that is ineffective in the long term. Answer: a. true 19.0. Both compartmentalizing and denial involve a disconnection of one aspect of a death-related situation from another. Answer: a. true 20.0. Acceptance and denial can be evaluated only when we are in a position to understand the context a given person is in, what is trying to be accomplished, and what is being faced. Answer: a. true Chapter Two: What Is Death? Multiple Choice 1.0. The novel Frankenstein was strongly influenced by all the following EXCEPT the: Answer: d. aged author's own preparation for death. 2.0. Darwin's shipboard experiments demonstrated thanatomimesis, which occurs when a: Answer: b. live animal deliberately appears to be dead in order to avoid being killed. 3.0. The position that death is not a sudden, massive event, but rather a complex process that takes place over time is promoted by:

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Answer: c. Kenneth Iserson. 4.0. "What then is death? It’s not much of anything – simply one more event in a sequence that has no intrinsic meaning or value." This view can be found in: Answer: a. On the Nature of Things (Lucretius). 5.0. The "deathification of sex" and the "sexualization of death" are associated with the teaching of: Answer: b. the gospel of James and other passages in the New Testament (Christianity). 6.0. A New Age view of death is most similar to the views of: Answer: c. Islam. 7.0. The perspective that death is subject to question, challenge, and revision like any other concept refers to: Answer: B. symbolic construction. 8.0. Mark Twain's account of the municipal "dead house" in Munich highlighted the practice of: Answer: d. using a wire to connect each corpse to a bell which would ring if any movement occurred. 9.0. Jack Kevorkian, M.D., believed that this bodily function was the most reliable way to determine if a person is dead: Answer: d. the condition of the eye 10.0. For more than 50 years, unresponsive patients considered as “beyond coma” have been known as having the following condition: Answer: c. respirator brain 11.0. Which of the following Harvard criteria would NOT have been familiar to physicians who practiced a century ago? Answer: b. no circulation to or within the brain 12.0. A transient vegetative state is defined by: Answer: a. the cause. 13.0. The condition which is known to have been caused by brain damage that might be moderated or reversed is referred to as what type of vegetative state? Answer: c. persistent 14.0. In 2008, the President’s Council on Bioethics issued a report that examined various perspectives on what is considered to be the most significant development pertaining to death up to this point in time. This phenomenon is known as: Answer: b. total brain failure. 15.0. Which interpretation of death was most common in Mesopotamia thousands of years ago? Answer: b. Death is an enfeebled form of life. 16.0. Evolutionary biology and philosophy stimulated the view of death as a time of: Answer: c. perpetual development. 17.0. Which view of death emphasizes the three phases of suspension, judgment, and disposition? Answer: c. waiting 18.0. The wheel is a core symbol of life and death for those who practice: Answer: a. Buddhism. 19.0. "Whoever touches the dead body of anyone will be unclean for seven days." This attitude toward death and the dead was expressed in the: Answer: a. Old Testament. 20.0. The ancient Greeks personified Death (Thanatos) as a twin brother to: Answer: d. Sleep (Hypnos). 21.0. Orpheus represented:

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Answer: b. the power of music over death. 22.0. Personifications of death have helped people to cope with death by: Answer: d. all of the above 23.0. The personifications of death found in the 1971 pioneering study included all of the following EXCEPT the: Answer: c. time keeper. 24.0. A 1997 follow-up study of death personifications found that: Answer: b. there has been a sharp increase in female personifications. 25.0. We recognize social death by observing how: Answer: b. observing how a person is treated by others. 26.0. An individual who feels a "partial death" due to the loss of the ability to conceive children is experiencing: Answer: a. phenomenological death. 27.0. The components of The Undead Complex include all of the following EXCEPT: Answer: c. something explosive happens as reanimated corpses leave the ground. 28.0. Works of art commissioned during medieval times often displayed the theme of death as the: Answer: a. great leveler. 29.0. Large and expensive funerals entered American life: Answer: a. in the colonial days. 30.0. Studies have found that obituaries in big city newspapers: Answer: b. give more space and often use more photographs in reporting the death of men. True/False 1.0. The Prometheus story, about a young man who becomes alive again after dying, inspired Mary Shelley's writings. Answer: a. false 2.0. The people of many world societies have long believed that death is marked by the separation of soul from body. Answer: a. true 3.0. Before the emergence of Christianity, other religions in the ancient world had emphasized a connection between withering away and fertility. Answer: a. true 4.0. Suicide and martyrdom, especially in earlier eras, were seen by some Christians as a preferred alternative to sexual indulgence. Answer: a. true 5.0. Schultz and Huet (2000/2001) found that in popular and award-winning films, male characters were six times more likely to instigate death and female characters were twice as likely to be the victims. Answer: a. true 6.0. In the past, people who experienced a stroke, epileptic seizure, or diabetic coma might have been pronounced as dead instead of receiving treatment. Answer: a. true 7.0. Catatonia is a neurological condition in which a person is conscious and able to think but cannot move any part of the body except the eyes. Answer: a. false 8.0. Akinetic mutism is defined by an inability of the human brain to initiate action or speak even with preserved sensorimotor pathways. Answer: a. true

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9.0 According a report issued by the President’s Council on Bioethics (2008), the term “total brain failure” excludes “death” because this condition should be verified rather than just being assumed. Answer: a. true 10.0 According to Kastenbaum, virtual reality has decreased the significance of the actual body of the deceased having to be a part of funeral rites and memorialization. Answer: a. true 11.0. In Homer's epic, The Odyssey, the sailors are visited by a hybrid bird-person with heads that resemble women, who lures them to their death. Answer: a. true 12.0. Utilizing the skeleton as a symbol of death developed in medieval Europe. Answer: a. false 13.0. In a 1971 study of the ways we personify death, masculine personifications were given much more frequently than feminine. Answer: a. true 14.0. In the 1971 study of death personifications, most respondents viewed death as grim and terrifying. Answer: a. false 15.0. In a 1997 follow-up study of death personifications, women continued to favor the image of death as the “gentle comforter” while men described death as a “cold and remote” person. Answer: a. true 16.0. Feeling dead to ones’ self due to drug and alcohol use, or simply from aging, represents a part of phenomenological death. Answer: a. true 17.0. Biomedical developments and portrayal of vampires and zombies as the Undead continue to foster ambiguity about the borderline between “alive” and “dead.” Answer: a. true 18.0. Unlike zombies, revenants and vampires have been associated largely with the voodoo religion and Creole culture as practiced in Haiti, West Africa, and areas of the U.S. South. Answer: a. false 19.0. Fatal accidents are one example of a random, meaningless death event. Answer: a. true Chapter Three: The Death System Multiple Choice 1.0. It has been suggested that ethical guidelines for studying remains include all of the following except that: Answer: b. researchers should maintain legal rights to the remains they discover following consultation with relevant people and organizations. 2.0. Over 40 years ago, newborn infants, most from Memphis, were injected with radioactive iodide: Answer: b. as part of government-funded research study on cancer. 3.0. Which of the following is NOT related to the reduction of vultures in India? Answer: a. reduced death anxiety because there is no longer this reminder of mortality 4.0. People who participated in the "world without death" research would agree with all of the following EXCEPT that: Answer: c. society would become very liberal and quick to change. 5.0. Which of the following is NOT true of the Days of the Dead observances in Mexican culture? Answer: b. The mood in public is somber and restrained. 6.0. December 29th is one of the "times" in the United States' death system because it is remembered as the day: Answer: b. the Sioux were massacred by cavalry at Wounded Knee, South

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Dakota, in 1890. 7.0. Which of the following is a function of the death system? Answer: d. all of the above 8.0. Examples of objects of the death system include all EXCEPT: Answer: c. slow, solemn music intoned on an organ. 9.0. Floodwaters churned through the cemetery in Hardin, Missouri, during the devastating floods of 1993. In trying to recover from the effects of the flood, the community: Answer: c. invested intensive effort into identifying the corpses and returning them to their designated burial places. 10.0. Consistent with the Amish philosophy of life and death: Answer: c. the coffin is placed in the house, and the funeral service is held in the house or barn. 11.0. Social consolidation after the 9-11-01 WTC attack was weakened by: Answer: b. delays in providing economic benefits for survivors. 12.0. Which function of the death system includes the challenges posed to the individual and the group by the loss of a member? Answer: c. social consolidation 13.0. ______ is the most obvious example of a society’s death-system function of killing. Answer: d. The death penalty 14.0. Which of the following is NOT a Supreme Court decision, made between 1977 and 2005, regarding the death penalty? Answer: a. The death penalty can be applied to juvenile offenders. 15.0. In the book Utopia, written in 1516, Thomas Moore asserted that in an ideal society: Answer: b. war would be essential, but would be done in a thoughtful and cost-effective way. 16.0. Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein agreed that ______ was the greatest problem facing humanity. Answer: b & c 17.0. Through the centuries, ______ has been the root cause of the most relentless and pitiless slaughter of human beings. Answer: d. religion 18.0. Which of the following is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina in 2005? Answer: b. The levees protecting New Orleans reportedly collapsed under sustained winds up to 155 miles per hour. 19.0. ______ is the mode of dying that most often led to images of death as divine punishment for human vanity and pride. Answer: a. The Black Death 20.0. Avoidance of the dying person was intensified through the 19th and early 20th century because of fears associated with the suffering and contagious danger of people with: Answer: d. tuberculosis. 21.0. The study of death is known as: Answer: c. thanatology. 22.0. The death system in the U.S., which used to focus on avoiding the topic of death, began to change: Answer: b. after the end of World War II. 23.0. The estimated number of years remaining in a person's life at a particular time is known as: Answer: a. life expectancy. 24.0. All of the following are general categories for causes of death EXCEPT: Answer: c. morbidity.

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25.0. Life expectancy is longest at birth in ______ and shortest in ______. Answer: b. North America; Africa 26.0. Females have a higher life expectancy than males in: Answer: d. all of the above 27.0. The leading cause of death in the U.S. today is: Answer: d. heart disease. 28.0. The second leading cause of death in the U.S. today is: Answer: c. cancer. 29.0. For individuals between 25-44 years of age, ______ and ______ are among the highest death risks. Answer: c. accidents; suicide 30.0. People in some developing regions of the world remain highly vulnerable to epidemics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Answer: c. unsafe water. CONTAMINATED FOOD True/False 1.0. Sacrifice is a major example of several functions coming together with both death and life as the intended outcomes. Answer: a. true 2.0. Elvis Presley continues to make millions of dollars every year. Answer: a. true 3.0. For centuries in India vultures have been relied upon to strip the corpses of humans and animals. Answer: a. true 4.0. The death system is made up of people, places, times, objects, and symbols. Answer: a. true 5.0. Although people today tend to think of a hospital as much more than just a place to die, earlier in our history people felt that being sent to the hospital by the doctor meant that death was close. Answer: a. true 6.0. The Days of the Dead in Mexico are acknowledged with somber religious services and restrained public behavior. Answer: b. false 7.0. When Queen Mother Elizabeth died at 101 years old, soldiers of the Royal Horse Artillery rode six black horses that were pulling Answer: a. true 8.0. Poor women in the U....