EXAM Revision PDF

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latrobe.edu.au

Seminar 7 – HBA Exam Revision Dr Amy Larsen Kristina Anevska Stuart James CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

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Assessments in HBA E.g. Collaborative Test 1 Individual Calculation

y HBA Gradebook – Calculating your score for HBA

= (34/50 50 50) x 15 = 10.2% (10% of 15) 50 doesn’t change – total value for CT1 15 doesn’t change – accounts for 15%

Breakdown yWork Work Workshop shop Qui Quizz zz zzeses- 10% yTeam Team and Workshop Activities- 10% yCT1CT1- Indivi Individual dual (15%), Team (5%) – 20% CT2- Indivi Individual dual (15%), Team (5%) – 20% (release results on June 4th) yCT2yFinal Exam- 40% – Do not email Subject Coordinators to calculate this for you!

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HBA Exam y Friday 7th June y Please check the exam timetable for your venue (allocated as per your Student Number) – ARRIVE EARLY ON THE DAY AND KNOW YOUR VENUE y If you are sick on the day of the exam – http://www.latrobe.edu.au/special-consideration – Semester 1 release of exam results -17th July

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HBA Exam y Seat allocations for HBS1HBA: StudentIDnumber:

Venue

15075570‐ 19398695

ODEON

19399772‐ 19928816

WLTFOYER

19928911‐ 20206258

THELEARNINGCOMMONS‐ LEVEL4

20206367‐ 20352149

THELEARNINGCOMMONS‐ LEVEL3

20352221‐ 20372005

GLENNCOLLEGELEVEL2

20372011‐ 91221830

UNIONHALL

y If you are unsure, please contact ASK La Trobe for assistance. y Alternatively, please contact Exam Timetables on 9479 6644

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What to bring to the Exam y Pencils (greylead) y Highlighters y Eraser y Sharpener y LTU ID number – Incorrectly filling this on the MCQ card may result in no grade or a delay in your final result y Identification – LTU student ID card, other photo ID (not recommended) y Your A game/Gameface

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Test Structure y80 questions – 60 A-E format – 20 WXYZ format y90 minutes to complete the test y15 mins reading time yIndividual yNO PRACTICE EXAMS

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How to Study yRevisit the LO’s yReview your workshop quizzes yReview your workshop activities yCheck your knowledge quizzes yConcept Checks (end of each e-text chapter) yRevisit the Revision Lecture recordings

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Breakdown of questions y Of the 60 A-E – 3 Introdu Introduction ction – 3 Cells – 4 Movement of Molecules – 7 Nervous Syste System m – 3 Endocrine – 9 Heart and CV – 8 Respiratory System – 7 Digestion and Metabolism – 9 Renal – 4 Reproductive – 3 Acid Base

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Breakdown of questions y Of the 20 WXYZ – 1 Introduction – 1 Cells – 1 Movement of Molecules – 2 Nervous System – 1 Endocrine – 4 Heart and CV – 2 Respiratory System – 2 Digestion and Metabolism – 4 Renal – 1 Reproductive – 1 Acid Base

Practice Question 10

What time is the HBS1HBA Exam next Friday? A. B. C. D. E.

10am 2pm 1pm 12pm 9am

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MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. Which of the following processes use a carrier protein 12 and ATP? W. Simple diffusion X. Osmosis Y. Facilitated diffusion Z. Active transport A. B. C. D. E.

if only W, X and Y are correct if only W and Y are correct if only X and Z are correct if only Z is correct if all are correct

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2. Which of the following extracellular solutions would 13 cause a standard cell to swell, or even burst? W. 50 mM NaCl X. A hypotonic solution Y. 300 mM of Urea (a penetrating solute) Z. A hypertonic solution A. B. C. D. E.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. The principal function of the dendrites is to: A. B. C. D. E.

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Conduct action potentials Receive signals from other neurons Produce proteins such as neurotransmitters Release neurotransmitters Generate action potentials

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2. The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles 16 A. B. C. D. E.

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3. Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE? 17 A. It transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. B. It is present in neurons C. Its activity requires the expenditure of metabolic (cellular) energy. D. It transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio. E. None of the above are false

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4. The resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical neuron is:

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W. the potential difference that exists across the plasma membrane X. typically around + 70 mV in magnitude Y. dependent upon concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ Z. Is negative due to the greater amount of Na+ than K+ leak channels

A. B. C. D. E.

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5. If the potassium permeability of a resting neuron increases above the resting permeability, what effect will this have on the transmembrane potential?

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A. The inside of the membrane will become more positive. B. The inside of the membrane will become more negative. C. There will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential. D. The membrane will become depolarized E. The membrane will depolarize to threshold. 0% A.

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6. The depolarization phase of the action potential is generated by a rapid ________.

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A. opening of sodium channels B. closure of potassium channels C. closure of sodium channels D. opening of potassium channels E. opening of chloride channels

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. Ovulation occurs with peak concentrations of ____________ secreted into the blood:

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A. estrogen B. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) C. luteinising hormone (LH) D. progesterone E. Prostaglandins

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2. Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of:

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A. FSH. B. LH. C. relaxin. D. progesterone. E. inhibin.

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3. In regards to the ovarian and uterine cycles: W. estrogen is secreted by the developing ovarian follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle. X. the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation. Y. a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation. Z. FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine lining. A. B. C. D. E.

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4. Semen contains a number of factors which: W. increase the immune response of the female reproductive 25 tract. X. neutralise the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract. Y. increases the viscosity of the female cervical mucus. Z. allow for coagulation of sperm to the female reproductive tract. A. B. C. D. E.

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THE HEART AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. The most accurate definition of an artery is a vessel that

27 A. carries highly oxygenated blood. B. contains smooth muscle in its wall. C. transports blood away from the heart. D. transports blood toward the heart. E. contains internal valves.

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2. With respect to the direction of flow, blood flows:

28 A. from the left atrium into the aorta. B. from the right ventricle into the pulmonary veins. C. from the venae cavae into the left atrium. D. from the aorta into the left ventricle. E. none of the above.

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3. Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? 29 A. Bundle of His. B. Atrioventricular (AV) node. C. Purkinje fibres. D. Atrioventricular (AV) valve. E. Sinoatrial (SA) node.

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4. Mean arterial blood pressure can be maintained despite a sudden loss of 20% of an individual’s blood volume because the homeostatic response involves:

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A. an increase in the amount of blood ‘pooled’ in veins . B. an increase in blood flow to skin and abdominal organs. C. a generalized vasodilation. D. an increase in heart rate. E. None of the above is correct.

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5. ________ are responsible for the detection of mean arterial pressure.

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A. Venous baroreceptors B. Arterial baroreceptors C. Aortic chemoreceptors D. Thermoreceptors E. Medullary chemoreceptors

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6. People with AB blood are considered the “universal recipient” for transfusions because:

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A. Their blood cells lack A and B antigens B. Their blood lacks A or B antibodies C. Their blood is plentiful in A and B antibodies D. They usually have very strong immune systems E. They are usually Rh negative

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases 34 within the lungs? A. Macrophages B. Goblet cells C. Type I alveolar cells D. Type II alveolar cells E. Type III alveolar cells

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2. Air moves into the lungs because

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3. What does contraction of the diaphragm cause?

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A. decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and therefore a decrease in atmospheric pressure B. decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and therefore a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure C. increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity and therefore a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure D. decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and therefore an increase in intra-alveolar pressure E. increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity and therefore an increase in intra-alveolar pressure 0% A.

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4. The respiratory rate times the tidal volume corrected for dead 37 space is the: A. vital capacity. B. respiratory minute volume. C. pulmonary ventilation rate. D. alveolar ventilation rate. E. external respiration rate.

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5. Which of the following would shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

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W.decreased temperature X. decreased pCO2 Y. decreased 2,3-DPG Z. decreased pH

A. B. C. D. E.

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6.Which of the following matches the correct partial pressure gradient with the tissue type.

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W. Alveoli of the lungs; O2 105mmHg X. Inspired air; O2 159mmHg Y. Blood leaving tissues and entering lungs; CO2 45mmHg Z. Blood leaving lungs and entering tissue capillaries; O2 100mmHg

A. B. C. D. E.

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DIGESTION AND METABOLISM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. Which of the following organs play a role in the chemical digestion of proteins?

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W. The mouth X. The pancreas Y. The gall bladder Z. The stomach

A. B. C. D. E.

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2. Which of the following might increase gastric secretions?

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W. The presence of food in the stomach X. The presence of chyme in the duodenum Y. The sight, smell, taste or thought of food Z. A stressful situation (i.e. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system) A. B. C. D. E.

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3. Which of the following statements about the small intestine is TRUE? 43 W. It is the major site of nutrient absorption X. It is the major site of water reabsorption Y. It is where the majority of chemical digestion takes place Z. Enzymes produced by the pancreas are the only digestive enzymes secreted into the lumen of the small intestine A. B. C. D. E.

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4. The post absorptive state of metabolism is characterised by the following?:

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W. glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle tissue X. glucagon release by the pancreatic beta cells Y. protein synthesis in muscle tissue Z. gluconeogenesis in the liver

A. B. C. D. E.

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RENAL SYSTEM

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. Which of the following structures transport or store urine?

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W. Urethra X. Ureter Y. Bladder Z. Proximal convoluted tubule

A. B. C. D. E.

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2. Excretion (in the context of the urinary system):

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A. is the process by which a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries to the tubular fluid B. conserves substances that are important to the body C. is the process by which a substance moves from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood D. is the removal of the portion of a substance that was filtered or secreted, but not reabsorbed 0% A.

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3. At which renal tubule segment does most water reabsorption occur? 48 A. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle B. Descending limb of the loop of Henle C. Distal convoluted tubule D. Collecting duct E. Proximal convoluted tubule

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4. If plasma osmolarity exceeds 300 mOsM (e.g. due to dehydration), what would likely happen to the plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts of the kidneys? A. plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water increases B. plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water increases C. plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water decreases D. plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water decreases E. plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water does not change

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ACID BASE

CRICOS PROVIDER 00115M

1. Carbonic acid reversibly dissociates to form what two products, without the need of an enzyme? 51 A. water and carbon dioxide B. water and bicarbonate C. carbon dioxide and bicarbonate D. bicarbonate and hydrogen ion E. water and hydrogen ion

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