Exam1REview Motorlearning PDF

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study guide for exam 1
Professor Hawke...

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Spatial Anticipation: a prediction of what will happen ahead of time so they can organize movements ahead of time , i.e. anticipating a starting gun and being in starting position Temporal Anticipation: predicting when an event will occur, i.e. when official will throw a ball up to start a game, predicting the time when you need to swing a tennis racket *more advantageous if you have spatial anticipation so you can organize movements 3 Information Processing Stages: 1. Stimulus Identification: identifying if there is a stimuli in the environment 2. Response Selection: choosing how to respond to stimulus 3. Movement Programming: organizing movement response for stimulus Closed Skill: environment is stable and predictable, i.e. running on a treadmill, passing a ball with one person in your front yard Open Skill: environment is unpredictable and unstable, i.e. team sports- soccer, basketball. You don’t know what’s going to happen on the field, can’t predict court situation, referees, etc. Motor Learning vs. Motor Performance: Motor learning is more internal, it improves with practice, and you can observe it by stability of motor performance Motor performance is external, how the movement is performed, it fluctuates based on motivation/other factors 3 stages of learning: 1. Cognitive 2. Associative 3. Autonomous Performance Proficiency Perspective: to determine a distinguished learner from a beginner one- 3 parts: 1. Maximum certainty time- certain in knowledge, not really thinking hard about it 2. Minimum energy expenditure- not using unnecessary energy

3. Minimum movement time- short, smooth movements- no extra movements or compensating A motor skill can be conceptualized by task perspective: 1. Task organization – discrete, serial, continuous 2. Relative importance of cognitive elements- difficulty 3. Relative importance of environmental predictabilityclosed/open Motor skill vs. General Movement Motor skill: primary determinant of success is the quality of movement that the performer produces General movement: change in place or position Parallel processing: processing two stimuli at one- “cocktail party effect” Controlled processing: serial, slow, attention demandingcognitive learners who need to think about stimuli- having someone speak Spanish to you Automatic processing: parallel, fast, often autonomous learnerprocessing English language How do these relate to stages of learning? Cognitive and autonomous, controlled and automatic. Limited attentional capacity: Attention is a limited mental resource and limits performance, is related to information processing capabilities This is related to open and closed environments because a closed environment doesn’t require much attention while an open one requires lots, sometimes hitting capacity Reaction time: amount of time that passes from the presentation of a stimulus to until beginning of response to stimulus

Choice reaction time: interval of time between presentation of one of several stimuli and the beginning of one of several responses Simple reaction time: shortest reaction time, one stimulus one response Hick’s law: stimulus response pairs increase linearly with reaction time...