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BCM110 EXAM REVISION Review Kahoot 1. Interpretation depends on...? Shared knowledge, myths and ideologies 2. What is semiotics? The science of signs 3. What theory is Jurgen Habermas associated with? The public sphere 4. Which business does Rupert Murdoch own? Fox news, the daily telegraph, the Aus...

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BCM110 EXAM REVISION Review Kahoot #1 https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/639bc515-31c1-4de9-89e5-eb92de3a9dee 1. Interpretation depends on...? Shared knowledge, myths and ideologies 2. What is semiotics? The science of signs 3. What theory is Jurgen Habermas associated with? The public sphere 4. Which business does Rupert Murdoch own? Fox news, the daily telegraph, the Australian 5. Which of the following is considered 'high culture'? Theatre 6. When one thing causes another thing - this is called? Causality 7. Who coined the term 'moral panic'? Stanley Cohen 8. Who is associated with the Frankfurt School? Horkheimer and Adorno 9. Who devised the Bobo doll experiment? Albert Bandura 10. Herta Herzog carried out her research on audiences of which media type? Radio 11. What is a theory? An idea or concept 12. A public sphere is...? A forum where people can freely discuss ideas 13. Who owns Facebook? Mark Zuckerberg 14. What is ideology? A system or ideas or ideals, the set of beliefs characteristics of a person or group, the way we imagine the world to be 15. What controversy was the Leveson Inquiry in response to? Phone hacking/ News of the world scandal 16. In the lecture on media effects, who made the film about the train arriving at the station? Lumiere Brothers 17. Big Brother and Q & A have what in common? They are both examples of mediated public spheres 18. What issue is the term 'corporate pedophilia' linked to? The sexualisation of children by the media 19. The controversy surrounding Bill Henson's photographs is an example of? Moral panic, Art vs Porn, Discussions about the sexualisation of children 20. Media effects theory suggests...? The media causes audiences to act in certain ways 21. Which British celebrity was a victim of the News of the World scandal, & spoke out against it? Hugh Grant 22. When considering media effects theory, who is NOT considered vulnerable to media influence? Academics 23. What concerns about media ownership stem from techniques Hitler used in the 1930s? That media will spread only selected ideologies & That concentrated media ownership makes propaganda spread 24. In semiotics, the denotation is..? The signifier 25. What does the transmission model lead to? The magic bullet theory, the hypodermic needle theory, the theory of causality 26. What was the Frankfurt School? Marxist inspired thinkers developing critical theory 27. Fears about the impact of TV violence are best illustrated by which theory? Moral Panic 28. What did Habermas liken the public sphere to? An 18th century coffee house 29. Who does NOT own part of the Australian media? Oprah Winfrey 30. Who coined the term 'produser'? Axel Bruns

31. The Pixar film Wall-E is an example of what future? Dystopian 32. How far back can we trace Fan Studies? Over 100 years 33. What term can be applied to both celebrities, and one's online presence? Persona 34. What does ACMA stand for? Australian Communications and Media Authority

Review Kahoot #2 https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/58b0a1ca-856d-4b57-9d48-3f576899bd15 1. Who created the theory of semiotics? Pierce & Saussure 2. Who theorised about the public sphere? Jurgen Habermas 3. Within history, the media audience has been portrayed as? Gullible Victims 4. Define a signifier: What is present in an actual image 5. What is not an example of popular (low) culture? Classical Music (NOT POP MUSIC, FILM AND TV OR MASS ENT) 6. In the past, who has been excluded from the public sphere? Women and Minorities 7. What is the public sphere? A theatre or arena for debating and deliberating 8. What media theory explains how we read and interpret media texts? Semiotics, encoding and decoding 9. What is an example of new media? Social media 10. Which Jane Austen novel was based on the Red Barn murder? Northanger Abbey 11. Which of these is not an example of a mediated public sphere? NOT MKR, Q & A OR TWITTER… 12. Which came first? Camera (before Tv Etc) 13. Who doesn't own any part of Channel 10? Kerry Stokes 14. What does the Ratings Unitam system capture? Who is watching TV and whether it is turned on or off 15. What does qualitative research tell us? What people think about something 16. What is a media 'produser'? Someone who both consumes and produces media content 17. What is a media gatekeeper? The editor in a legacy media outlet 18. Who is a citizen journalist? Anyone publichsing happenings through media outlets 19. Who coined the term 'produser' –Axel Bruns 20. Which best describes the 'transmission model' of communication? Sender > message > receiver 21. What is cultivation theory? A theory that examines the long term effects of TV 22. What is NOT necessary to constitute a media audience? A group viewing something at the same time 23. a) Which thing did David Gauntlett NOT say is wrong with the media effects model? The effects model has no opinion of children b) What did he say IS wrong with the media effects model? The effects model is selective in its criticism of violence, it tackles social problems backwards, it assumes superiority to the masses 24. What is the hypodermic needle theory? Communication theory that intended message is one received 25. Who was the theorist that created the concept of the moral panic? Stanley Cohen 26. Name the academic who wrote a paper on Media Ownership? Stuart Cunningham 27. A signifier is the same as? A denotation

28. In Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model of communication which is the hegemonic position? Dominant Meaning 29. What is semiotics? The study of signs and their interpretation 30. The perception that a celebrity behaves according to his or her true self refers to which term? Celebrity Authenticity 31. Which year did Lasswell publish his model of communication theory? 1948 32. In deconstructing a media text which is the correct order? Denotations, connotations, ideologies 33. Can celebrities be media owners? Yes 34. What are the three types of audience? Mass, Niche, Individual 35. What audience is most at risk? Children and the uneducated 37. The coffee house metaphor for a public sphere has 3 characteristics: sociality, communication ? Sociality, communication, equality 38. What is Australia's level of media ownership concentration (2016 top company market share) 57.5% 39. What are traits of an active audience? Critical, Discriminating, Creative 40. What is the 'economy' called that the power of celebrities attracts? Attention economy 41. What is one criticism of celebrity activism? Authenticity of commitment to various causes

SOME (PRACTICE) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS … (200 words each –youwi l lbeaskedt oat t empt5quest i onsi nt heexam)

1. Discuss the ownership of the Australian media in terms of ideology. Ideology, simply put is ‘ t hewaywei magi net hewor l dt obe. ’ Aust r al i anmedi a( aswel l asgl obalmedi a)hasseenadec l i nei nt hedi ver s i t yofowner s hi p.Duet ot hi s,i s sues may arise that could possibly allude to biased, one sided ideologies, formulated by the concentrated owners of media outlets. Although current media ownership laws restrict the ownership of multiple television and radio media outlets, (such as the ‘ t woout of three’ and‘ onet oamar k et / t wot oamar k etr ul e’ )t her ei ss t i l laconcer naboutt hel ac kof owner shi p. 2. How do the Kardashians illustrate new ways of thinking about media ownership? - Traditionally, media is owned by a wide variety of different people, had control over what the public is exposed to - However, the recent rise of social media has resulted in a loss of this control - The influence of celebrities has caused a shift in media ownership, social media allows them to easily share with their audiences - Eg. Kardashians, as they present a life of luxury through their television program, and then utilise social media to continually share their luxuries with fans - They are unrestrained in what they can present, able to easily sell products to fans desperate to achieve the same way of life

3. TV makes children violent. Discuss in terms of theory, using an example from the media. - Media effect theory is how media can affect society and how society affects the media - Moral panic - Television primary source of current news, entertainment, and information on a wide range of issues - Strasburger and Donnerstein (1999) state television represents one of the most important and under recognised influences on children. - Television influence and shape behaviour - Example ‘ The regular show’f eat ur esvi ol ence,c r udel anguage,et hi cs t er eot y pes et c ,anddi spl ay saf ai ramountoff ant as yv i ol ence. - Liberman (2014) states children who watch violent media are more desensitised to real-life violence. 4. What is a moral panic? Explain this theory, illustrating with a recent media example. - Presented by Stanley Cohen (1972), suggests that a moral panic poccurs when a condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to socital values and interests. - An instance of public anxiety or alarm in response to a problem regarded as threatning the moral standards of society. - Example = immigration and refugees. - Individuals see others come into “ t hei r ”count r yandst at et hatt heyar et aki ng j obs ,cl ai mi ngbenefi t sand creating more crime. - The media has established an anti-immifration image around the world, with immigrants being stereotyped in the news and films for years. - The media negative portrayal of immigrants can spark prejudice views, and thus moral panic occurs. 5. Does the Eurovision Song Contest matter? Discuss in terms of one or more media theories. Yes it matters as it has a massive media audience – Media audience theories Mixed ideologies –peopl ef r om di ffer entc ount r i eshav edi ffer entcul t ur alideologies and Eurovision celebrates all of them –becaus eoft hi saudi enc eshav edi ffer ent i nt er pr et at i ons Public sphere –Eur ovi si oni sapl at f or mi nwhi chwefindoutwhats oci al ,cul t ur al , pol i t i cal i ssuesar ef aci ngus,andwher eweengagewi t ht hoseissues and say what we think about them and what should be done Fans and celebrities – Moral panic –Tr ans genderet c

European broadcasting union owns Eurovision –massi v epowerandi nfl uence–was dev el opedwi t ht hei nt ent i onofbr eaki ngdownbor der sandas si st i ngcount r i es mendi ngt hei rr el at i ons hi pspostWWI I–Or i gi nal l yhadapubl i cspher ei nt ent i on 6. What is the public sphere, and how does it work? –di scus si nr ef er encet oamoder n medi aex ampl e. - The Public Sphere, a media theory created by Jurgen Habermas (1962), explores the ideology of a mediated conversational group where different issues could be discussed in an egalitarian and open environment, separate from state, church and the official economy. - Although the theory was based on the example of an 18th century coffee house, the public sphere is still present in modern media today. Mostly in the conversations of technology and social media. - Example: RuPaul’ sDr agRace.Amedi at edpubl i cspher ewher ei ssuesofLGBT+ accept anc eandequal i t ycanbedi s cuss ed,of t ent hr oughsoci al medi as i t es. th - Similar to the 18 century coffee-houses and its ideas of discussing relevant issues, the contributors to the Public Sphere of RuPaul’ sDr agRac eus et hi sspac easaf or m of di s cuss i ont hr oughmedi at ec hnol ogi es . - Therefore it presents similar theory effects in different contexts of social space and time.

7. What is fan activism and how does it illustrate the evolution of audience studies? Start with definition –whati sf anact i v i s m?Af andom?Wher edi dt hec onc eptfir s tdev el op? - An overly active fan audience/group has led to controversy - Individuals within fandoms are negatively influenced by their texts as they are passive, gullible and feminised - What they see, they take it too literally - Fandoms can also be used in a positive way through sent messages or helping a cause (e.g Ice Bucket Challenge) - Evolution- as fandoms have evolved, it is moved to an online presence which makes fandoms become more visible to others and more accessible. This has created more of a connection and is easier to share ideas, beliefs etc....