Experiment 10 Report PDF

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Professor: April French
Experiment 10 Scientific Writing and Integrity Full Lab Report...

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Jessica Flesch CHE 113 SEC 002 Yuting Zhang 1/23/17 Experiment 10: Scientific Writing Procedure: 1. A journal is a piece of writing created by an expert in the field of research of the main topic. These articles are peer-reviewed for accuracy. An example of a scholarly journal is the American Journal of Science. 2. In Evaluation of a Flipped, Large-Enrollment Organic Chemistry Course on Student Attitude and Achievement by Mooring, Mitchells, and Burrows, the authors examined the effects of a flipped classroom model. This experiment was conducted because Organic Chemistry is a challenging course that is preventing many students from pursuing their career path. In a flipped classroom model, "students receive their first exposure to the material via a video lecture...while class time was reserved for brief lectures and cooperative problem solving" (Mooring et al., 1972). The purpose of this model is to encourage the students to be more responsible for their own learning and become more engaged in content. Pre-lecture assessments, in-class activities, and homework assignments are the three key components of the new model. This study was conducted in a southeast American institution in 2015. A control group of a traditional classroom was used to compare the results to. In the traditional class structure, the teacher utilized Power Point presentations and the document camera equally (Mooring et al., 1974). In the flipped classroom model, class began with a short lecture, followed by group work on worksheets. The results showed that students enjoyed being able to access course material on their own schedule, however some students had trouble organizing their time effectively. In addition, there was a substantial increase in test scores and 72% of students reacted positively to the new classroom model (Mooring et al., 1977). Students reported liking this for a variety of reasons, including the ability to review and clarify the lecture videos. The study also revealed an increase in the percent of A grades in the flipped course. 3. Topic: Lewis Structures 4. Linenberger, Kimberly J., Cole, Renee S., Sarkar, Somnath. "Looking Beyond Lewis Structures: A General Chemistry Molecular Modeling Experiment Focusing on Physical Properties and Geometry." American Chemical Society Journal 88:7 (2011): 962-965. Web. 23 January 2017. 5. The article Looking Beyond Lewis Structures: A General Chemistry Molecular Modeling Experiment Focusing on Physical Properties and Geometry examines the importance of molecular modeling in chemistry. This method is used by chemists for important tasks, such as drug design, as well as in education. In this article, a general chemistry lab experiment using molecular modeling software to help students understand the relationship between the properties and structure of molecules is discussed. The experiment is "based on the learning cycle...and a constructivist framework" (Linenberger et al., 963). Students are led through the process of making a hypothesis and testing it. The purpose of this experiment is to use 3D visualizations to emphasize the shortcomings of the current Lewis structure. The tasks of the lab

include geometric optimization and fining bond lengths of given molecules. Resonance structures are also taught in order for students to understand how the Lewis structure is not able to accurately represent molecular structure. The second part of the experiment focuses on the relationship between electronic geometry and molecular shapes (Linenberger et al., 964). The guided inquiry approach shows how the geometric shapes affect polarity and electron density. The educational technique that makes this lab unique is that instead of being told the answer, the students make predictions based on previous learning to test their hypothesis. The results of this experiment reveal that this molecular modeling software is effective in helping teach geometry in a way that is more comprehensive than Lewis structures (Linenberger et al., 964).

Analysis: 1. French, April N, Allison Soult, Stephen Testa, Pauline Stratman, Meral Savas, Francois Botha, Carolyn Brock, Charles Griffith, Daria Hood, Robert Kiser, Penny O’Conner, William Plucknett, Donald Sands, Diane Vance, and William Wagnor “Experiment 10: Scientific Writing and Integrity” General Chemistry Laboratory Manual. Plymouth Hayden-McNeil Publishing, 2015. 5158. Web. 23 January 2017

2. Pelley, Janet. "Dust, Unsettled." American Chemical Society Central Science 3:1 (2017): 5-9. Web. 23 January 2017.

3. An example of an incident in which someone was accused and found guilty of plagiarizing in a scientific journal can be seen in the journal Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. The three authors responsible for this article are A. Banerjee, Rohit Sharma, and U.C. Banerjee. All three were professors at the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at the time the article was published.They published an article titled "The nitrile-degrading enzymes: current status and future prospects" in October of 2002. The article was not discovered to be plagiarized until 2016, 14 years after the publication. Springer is the publisher of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology and they released a retraction statement saying the article had been retracted by the Editor in Chief because it "contains portions of other authors’ writings on the same topic in

other publications, without sufficient attribution to these earlier works being given" (Springer 2016). The Committee on Publication Ethics carried out the investigation and found Banerjee, Sharma, and Banerjee to be guilty. There were a total of six sources included in the article that were not properly cited, including “Biochemistry and biotechnology of mesophilic and thermophilic nitrile metabolizing enzymes," “Metalloenzyme nitrile hydratase: Structure, regulation, and application to biotechnology,” “Nitrile hydrolases,” “Metalloenzyme nitrile hydratase: Structure, regulation, and application to biotechnology,” “Microbial Metabolism of Nitriles and Its Biotechnological Potential,” and “The catalytic mechanism of amidase also involves nitrile hydrolysis.” A Banerjee was the lead author of the paper and is now an assistant professor at IIT-Bombay. When contacted by the magazine The Indian Express, he claimed that the publishers had not communicated news of the retraction of the article to him. U.C. Banerjee also denied knowledge of the retraction when contacted. In 2011, Banerjee was denied the Tata Innovation Fellowship by the Department of Biotechnology because of different plagiarism charges filed against him. The third author, Rohit Sharma, claimed that the lead author was solely responsible for any contact with the publisher. Despite the contradictory stories from the three authors, the retraction note on Springer's website states that the authors agreed to the retraction....