Experiment Viscosity of Fluid PDF

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARAPHY 210MECHANICS IILABORATORY REPORT ODLTITLE (EXP. 3) : VISCOSITY OF FLUIDNAME & MATRIC NO: NURKHAIRINA ARISYA BINTIKHAIRUL ANWAR (2019279998)GROUP/CLASS : AS1202DDATE SUBMISSION: 15 MAY 2020Objective Procedure Data analysis QuestionObjectiveTo determine the viscosi...

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Objective Procedure Data analysis Question

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PHY 210 MECHANICS II

LABORATORY REPORT ODL TITLE

(EXP. 3) : VISCOSITY OF FLUID

NAME & MATRIC NO: NURKHAIRINA ARISYA BINTI KHAIRUL ANWAR (2019279998) GROUP/CLASS

: AS1202D

DATE SUBMISSION: 15 MAY 2020

Objective To determine the viscosity of water

Methodology 1. The mean inner diameter of the capillary tube was measured by using the travelling microscope. 2. The capillary length l of the capillary tube was measured. 3. The capillary tube was cleaned by washing successively in nitric acid, caustic soda and lastly in tap water 4. The outlet H of the constant head apparatus A was connected to the cleaned capillary tube then, the outlet H was held held horizontally (use the spirit level to check levelness of the tube) in a clamp, by a piece of rubber tubing. 5. The height h of the constant head apparatus A was checked to make sure that it is adjustable. 6. The flow of water was turned on and the waste from outlet H was observed to go into the sink. 7. The height of the constant head apparatus was adjusted so that water issues from the open end of the capillary tube in a succession of drops. 8. The underside of the tube was applied with a tiny grease to prevent the water from running back along the outside of the tube. 9. The temperature of the water in the constant head apparatus was checked. 10. In steady flow conditions, the water drop in the empty beaker was collected for about 5 minutes. 11. The collected water was poured into the beaker and its volume was measured. 12. The vertical height h was recorded. 13. The experiment was repeated for different values of h.

Pre Lab Questions 1. What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity? - The viscosity of the fluid increase as the temperature. 2. State other unit for viscosity. - Poise, P.

Result Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

Mean

Diameter of capillary tube (cm)

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

Length of capillary tube, 𝑙 (cm)

30

30

30

30

Height, h (cm)

Volume of collected fluid, V (𝑐𝑚3 )

Time taken, t (s)

Rate of flow,V/t (𝑐𝑚3 𝑠 −1 )

25

45.0

300

0.15

20

35.0

300

0.12

15

27.0

300

0.09

10

21.0

300

0.07

5

11.5

300

0.04

15

27.90

300

0.09

Data Analysis 1. Plot a graph of Rate of flows V/t (cm3s-1 ) versus height, h (cm) 2. The fact that the graph is a straight line through the origin shows that the rate of flow is directly proportional to the applied pressure (by increasing the height h). From the Poiseuille’s equation, we expect the graph of through the origin. 3. Draw the best straight line through the points.

V t

againts

h to be a straight line

4. From the gradient of the graph, determine the viscosity of the water, η. (N s m-2)

Discussion This experiment was conducted to determine the viscosity of water. From the experiment, the value of viscosity of water is 8.86 × 10−4 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠, while the theoretical value is 8.90 × 10−4 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠. From the analysis, the percentage error was 0.4%. The experimental value are acceptable since the percentage error is less than 10%. They were few possible errors during the experiment. The first error is human error. This happens when measuring the time taken, s using a stopwatch. The observer’s reaction holds a significant error when starting and stopping it. Next is, instrument error. The capillary tube could bring error . Another error is parallax error. The eyes of observer did not perpendicular to the ruler and capillary tube while taking measurement of height of glass capillary tube. The precaution was been consider in order to prevent the errors stated. Firstly, the error can be minimized by repeating the experiment for more than 3 times then take the average of the time taken, s. Next is, the capillary tube could be replace with tuning fork vibration. Another precaution is the eye must be perpendicular to the scale while taking the measurement to prevent the parallax error.

Conclusion In conclusion, the viscosity of water is 8.86 × 10−4 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠...