F2. THE Integumentary System PDF

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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Keratin (protein) gives skin toughness and strength and protects skin from drying out.

SI N SOED RRE ● ● ● ● ● ●

skin hair nails sebaceous glands sweat glands nerves

Thickness and textures of skin are different: ● Thick on the feet ● Thin on the face Human 1. 2. 3.

skin is made of 3 layers Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis (subcutaneous fat)

DERMIS +Thickest layer. +It contains: ● nerves ● blood vessels +It's ● ● ●

home to: sweat glands sebaceous glands hair follicles

+It gives skin: ● flexibility ● strength +It´s made up of a protein called: collagen. EPIDERMIS Top visible layer constantly renewed. Functions ● Making new skin cells: Replace old cells constantly flake of ●

Giving skin its color: Melanocytes à melamine Functions

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Protecting skin:

(according to the National Library of Medicine) Sensing pain and touch: -Nerve endings transmit sensations (pain, pressure, touch, itchiness and temperature).

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bones

4.Fat protects the body from injuries.

Producing sweat and oils: -sweat glands cool the body. -sebaceous glands make oils keeping skin soft and moist. Growing hair: -Hair helps to control body temperature and protect the body from injury. Bringing blood to the skin: -Blood vessels found in the dermis nourish the skin. Fighting infection: -Lymphatic vessels which are in the dermis and drain fluid from the tissues, help ward off infections and other harmful substances. HYPODERMIS -Composed of adipose tissue: Adipocytes Functions (according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library): 1. Helping to insulate the body from heat and cold. 2. Serving as an energy storage area for fat

3.Fat provides padding to cushion ● internal organs ● muscle

SI CTI PAPULE: A pimple. Small solid circumscribed bump in the skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to 1 cm. They can be brown, purple, pink or red in color. PUSTULE (zit): A small bump on the skin that fills with fluid or pus. They are common in acne. They can form on any part of the body, but they are most common on the back, face, over the breastbone, shoulders, and sweaty areas (groin or armpit). VESICLE which contains fluid. MACULE which is flat and even with the surrounding skin.

FURUNCLES Skin abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection, which involves follicle and surrounding areas. Signs and Symptoms: •Red, tender and inflamed areas of skin containing pus. •Lesions on neck, breast, face, buttocks, or thighs.

DIES ACNÉ Skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead Signs and Symptoms: •Whiteheads or blackheads •Papules •Pustules •Nodules -Cysts

Treatment: •Release of the pus. •Antibiotic treatment (though may cause more widespread infection). HERPES LABIALIS OR FEVER BLISTERS (COLD SORES) Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Signs & Symptoms •Tiny, fluid-filled blisters or sores on or around the mouth. They heal within 2-3 weeks, but the herpes virus remains dormant in the facial nerves.

ACNÉ ROSÁCEA

Chronic inflammatory disease of the face. Signs and Symptoms •Skin becomes abnormally flushed. •Both women and men are affected and at all ages, but is most common in women in their thirties. •The cause is unknown.

PSORIASES •Skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to ten times faster than normal. •Chronic and non contagious disease with no cure. S & S: •Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales (commonly on knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp)....