Factors of Social Change PDF

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Nature's constant change cannot be refuted. Whether or not it's apparent, everything is constantly evolving. The physical environment is changing, as are the flora and fauna, the water table, and numerous other factors. Human-made social environments, like physical ones, are dynamic and constantly e...

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Factors of Social Change Introduction Any time the word "change" is used, it conjures up images of something new and different than what was there before. Nature's constant change cannot be refuted. Whether or not it's apparent, everything is constantly evolving. The physical environment is changing, as are the flora and fauna, the water table, and numerous other factors. Human-made social environments, like physical ones, are dynamic and constantly evolving. Look at the history of society and you will find that all social institutions such as religions of all kinds and ages and political and economic systems have changed dramatically over time. Reflection on the Future of Society The concept of social change was introduced by August Comte, a Frenchman, known as founding father of Sociology. Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and a number of other sociologists refined and developed the concept of social change in the years after Spencer's death. While no human society will ever remain the same, it is impossible to foresee the specific forms and directions in which society will evolve. The reason for this is that the forces that drive social change are not always constant. Changes in the human population, advances in science and technology, as well as shifting ideologies and social values, all have an impact on how society's various social structures, systems, and institutions operate. Industrialization and urbanisation have fundamentally altered the way people interact with each other in society. In today's world, it's clear that social change isn't occurring in a straight line, but rather has its own set of challenges and difficulties. Slow and simple social change may collide with fast and complex social change. Illiterate people moving from rural areas to urban centres will have an impact on family life institutions and increase daily stress and strain as a result of the fast pace of city life and new social values required for industrial and urban living..

Social Change Factor Physical Environment and Social Change Societal life is heavily influenced by the physical environment. The physical

environment undergoes both slow and rapid changes. In the event of a calamity such as a storm, flood or volcanic eruptions, the form of social life is determined. As a result of the abundance of plants and animals, a social order has developed. The physical environment both encourages and restricts civilization's development. Due to the hostile climatic conditions in the poles and deserts, there will be a limited social life. Human society's structure, development, and evolution are all determined by forces generated by the physical environment. Some historians have expressed the view that even great civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia disappeared due to unfavourable physical envirohmental conditions. Because of the abundance of natural resources required for human survival, human civilization has grown up around them. The depletion of natural resources after their exploitation leads to disintegration and change in human settlements. We have created a greenhouse effect, polluted our water supply, and have run out of land for building houses in urban areas because of our careless treatment of the physical environment. The green revolution and food sufficiency in present-day India have come at the cost of soil erosion and the depletion of the water table. Ecological imbalance and damage were caused by economic and technological advancements. Disruption to human life was caused by physical environmental compulsions, such as drought, floods, and earthquakes, which compelled people to migrate to new locations. New ways of living and social networks are created as a result of physical environmental compulsions. Social change is now understood to be a result of environmental factors. Social Change and the Demographic Factors There are many aspects to demography, which is the study of population. Demios, or people, refers to the Greek word for "people." Femininity and death rates, migration, the changing age structure of society, the ratio of men and women in marriage, the ages at which children are born, and the use of contraceptives all play a role in social change. Social and political institutions are under pressure to change as a result of these factors. An additional demographic influence on social change, particularly in Indian society, is the dwindling sex equality ratio. Female infanticide was common in

traditional Indian society because of the preference for male offspring. Negative properties, like the girls, were viewed as a burden to the family. The pre-birth tests introduced in modern India have worsened the situation. The female foetus is being killed using sex determination tests. Despite the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994, the misuse of these tests has spread like wildfire in Indian society (PNDT, 1994). Demographic, social, economic, and political consequences will ensue if the sex ratio continues to decline. There will be an increase in the level of violence directed at women. All societies' age structures will shift as a result of increased longevity and better health care. In the past, the majority of the population was composed of young people, with a small number of elderly. There will be a need for more social and economic support systems as the elderly population grows. Older people's deteriorating health, isolation, and marginalisation are creating new social issues. We can summarise by saying that demographic factors operationalize social life as a whole, and shifts in these factors will lead to social change. Humans' social and economic lives are inextricably linked, as is well-known. An important part of social life is the exchange of goods and services between members of a community. Beginning with the hunter-gatherer era and moving through various stages, human society has evolved to the point where industrial production, trade, and commerce, as well as agricultural production and distribution based on cutting-edge scientific techniques, are the dominant forces in today's society. Each new stage of development brought with it a distinct set of social structures, interpersonal connections, and social obligations. "The ultimate causes of all social changes and political revolutions are not to be sought in the minds of men, in their increasing insight into the external truth and justice, but in changes in the mode of production and exchange." "The totality of these production relations constitutes the societal economic structure," Marx continued, "the real foundation, on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which corresponds a distinct form of social consciousness. It shows that economic influences on social life are strong and permeable." Social ties and roles are shaped by the economic system in place. The agricultural industry In contrast to the industrial system of production, the system of production had a

different social life. Countries with higher per capita incomes have lower late fertility than countries with lower incomes, according to research. This fact supports the idea that people tend to have fewer children when they are pi'osperous because high income is linked to industrial, technological, and educational development. Population growth around the world was fueled by the high fertility rate of the poor and uneducated in slums and rural areas. In contrast to the modern market economy, where work is something people do to earn money, people in subsistence economies produced, distributed, and consumed their own household goods. To put it another way, work is both a social and an economic activity. Before, the village was seen as a self-sufficient unit, but in a market economy, the entire village's life is dependent on external market forces, resulting in new social attitudes, social values, and social connections. The modern world is plagued by a variety of social issues as a result of economic change. Social Change Caused by Technological Factors The world has become a global village because of technological advancements. Technological advancements have an impact on industries, agriculture, transportation, communication, sources of energy, food production, housing, and the physical environment. Technology has had a significant impact on the way people interact with each other and how they live their lives. The following are some of the most significant technological influences on social life: When it comes to the institution of a family, there have been many changes, including: a shift from a joint family system to a nuclear family; the employment of females outside of the household; a change in the role of the husband and wife; a shift in the pattern of courtship; inter-caste and late marriage; a rise in divorce; and a smaller family size due to birth control technology. There is a decrease in the influence of caste on employment and day-to-day living, as well as an increase in individualization and a decrease in community life. There are also issues related to migration and urban slum development, as well as stress and strain from fast-paced living and a decrease in the role of superstitions in daily life. There are also issues related to emotional instability and occasional ecstasy....