Family Law Lecture Handbook (Spring 2019-20) PDF

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SCHOOL OF LAW, POLITICS & SOCIOLOGY

SUSSEX LAW SCHOOL

Family Law Part II: Spring Lectures

Module Handbook 2019/20 Faculty: Craig Lind (Convenor) Dr Maria Federica Moscati (Convenor Autm Term) Paven Basuita Dr Philip Bremner Dr John Jupp

Module Code: M3008

!

TEACHING FACULTY The following faculty will be responsible for teaching the module:

Craig Lind (Convenor) Dr Maria Federica Moscati Professor Heather Keating

Teaching in this term will take place on the basis of the following schedule: Teaching Block 2 - Spring Topic

Lecture

Lecturer

The relationships of Family Law: - Legal Parenthood: Common Law

1

CL

Tutorial week 2

The relationships of Family Law: - Legal Parenthood: Assisted Reproduction

2

CL

3

The relationships of Family Law: - Legal Parenthood: Surrogacy

3

CL

4

4

CL

5

Violence and Neglect in Family relationships: State Child protection

5

MM

6

Violence and Neglect in Family relationships: State Child protection

6

MM

7

The Law on Disputes about Parental Responsibility: An Introduction to Section 8 Orders

7

CL

8

Child Arrangement Orders - Residence

8

CL

9

Child Arrangement Orders - Residence

9

CL

10

Acquiring Parental Responsibility Acquiring Parental Responsibility Children’s Rights and the Welfare Principle

Specific Issue and Prohibited Steps Orders

Child Arrangement Orders - Contact

Child Arrangement Orders - Contact

10

CL

Revision

11

CL

CL = Craig Lind (Convenor) MM = Dr Maria Federica Moscati Administrative information Module title: Convenor: Module code: Module level: Module credits:

Family Law Craig Lind M3008 6 30

11

LECTURE 1: The relationships of Family Law: Legal Parenthood: The Common Law Week 1

Craig Lind Textbook Reading: Diduck & Kaganas Ch 4 Gilmore & Glennon ch 7 Harris-Short & Miles ch 9 Herring Chs 7 Lowe and Douglas, Ch 8 Legislation: Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 (s10) Family Law Reform Act 1969 (ss 20, 21, 23 & 26***) Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 The Legitimacy Act 1976 Family Law Act 1986 Family Law Reform Act 1987 Children Act 1989 Child Support Act 1991 Human Rights Act 1998 European Convention on Human Rights [ECHR] (esp. Art. 8) Important Cases: Ampthill Peerage Case [1977] AC 547 at 577 A v H (2009) 3 FCR 95 Banbury Peerage Case (1811) 1 Sim & St 153 HL C v C [1972] 3 All ER 577 F v CSA [1999] 2 FLR 244 Gardener v Gardener 1877 2 App Cases 723 Kroon v Netherlands (1994) 19 EHRR 263 Lambeth Borough Council v S, C, V and J (By His Guardian) [2007] 1 FLR 152 L v P (Paternity Test: Child’s Objection) [2013] 1 FLR 578 Mikulic v Croatia [2002] 1 FCR 720 Odievre v France [2002] 1 FCR 621 Preston-Jones v Preston-Jones [1951] AC 391 Re A (Paternity: Refusal of Blood Test) [1994] 2 FLR 463 CA Re D (Paternity) [2007] 2 FLR 26 Re F (Blood Tests: Parental Rights) [1993] Fam 315 (CA)

Re G (Parentage: Blood Sample) [1997] 1 FLR 360 Re H (Blood Tests: Parental Rights)[1997] Fam 89 (CA) Re H & A (Paternity: Blood Tests) [2002] 1 FLR 1145 * Re Moynihan [2000] 1 FLR 113 HL* Re O & J (Paternity: Blood Tests) [2000] 1 FLR 418 (but see new s21 FLRA 1969) Re P (Identity of Mother) [2011] EWCA Civ 795 Re R (Blood Tests: Constraints) [1998] 1 FLR 745 Re T (Paternity: Blood Tests) [2001] 2 FLR 1190 * Rose v Secretary of State for Health & HFEA [2002] EWHC 1593 Rozanski v Poland [2006] 2 FCR 178 Secretary of State for Work and Pensions v Jones [2004] 1 FLR 282 Serio v Serio (1983) 4 FLR 756 S v S; W v Official Solicitor [1972] AC 24 T v B [2010] EWHC 1444 (Fam) W v K (Proof of Paternity) (1988) 1 FLR 86 Other commentary to be consulted: Bainham, Day Sclater, & Richards What is a Parent? A Socio-Legal Analysis (1999) Bainham ‘Arguments about Parentage’ (2008) 67 Cambridge Law Journal 322 Bainham ‘The Rights and Responsibilities associated with the birth of a child’ in Spencer and du Bois-Pedain Freedom and Responsibility in Reproductive Choice (Oxford, Hart: 2006) Bainham ‘What is the point of birth registration?’ (2008) 20 CFLQ 449 Booth & Bond ‘Who is my Parent — and What Does it Mean Anyway?’ [2006] 36 Fam Law 578 Conway 'Presumtions of Legitimacy and Blood Tests' [1996] Fam Law 228 DfCSF and DWP Joint birth registration: recording responsibility. Cm 7293. (2008) DWP Joint birth registration: promoting parental responsibility. Cm 7160 (2007) Douglas & Lowe ‘Becoming a Parent in English Law’ (1992) 108 LQR 414 Hale, Pearl, Cooke, & Bates Chs 10, 11, 12 & 14 Fortin ‘Children’s right to know their origin – too far, too fast?’ (2009) 21 CFLQ 336 Lind ‘Responsible Fathers: Paternity, the Blood Tie and Family Responsibility’ in Bridgeman, Keating and Lind (eds) Responsibility, Law and the Family (2008) Northover & Dennison ‘Genetic Testing and the Importance of the Family’ 2002 Fam Law 752 Sharp ‘Paternity Testing – Time to Update the Law’ [2000] 30 Fam Law 560 Wallbank ‘”Bodies in the Shadows”’: joint birth registration, parental responsibility and social class’ (2009) 21 CFLQ 267 Wikeley ‘Child Support, Paternity and Parentage’ [2001] Fam Law 125

LECTURE 2: The relationships of Family Law: Legal Parenthood: Assisted Reproduction & Surrogacy Weeks 2 & 3

Craig Lind Textbook Reading: Diduck & Kaganas Ch 4 Gilmore & Glennon ch 7 Harris-Short & Miles ch 9 Herring Ch 7 Lowe and Douglas, Ch 8 Legislation: Family Law Reform Act 1969 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 Family Law Act 1986 Family Law Reform Act 1987 Children Act 1989 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (especially, ss 27, 29 & 30) * Child Support Act 1991 Human Rights Act 1998 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (especially, ss 33 – 35, 41 – 50 & 57(1) & (2)) * ECHR, esp. Art. 8 Important Cases: A v C [1985] FLR 445 A v C [2016] EWFC 42 D & L (children) (surrogacy) [2012] EWHC 2631 (Fam) Evans v Amicus Healthcare Ltd; Hadley v Midland Fertility Services Ltd [2003] EWHC 2161 (Fam), [2003] 4 All ER 903 Evans v Amicus Healthcare Ltd [2004] EWCA (Civ) 727, [2004] 2 FLR 766 Evans v United Kingdom [2006] 1 FCR 585 (ECHR) J v C (Void Marriage: Status of Children) [2006] EWCA Civ 551, [2006] 2 FLR 1098 Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust v Mr and Mrs A [2003] 1 FLR 1091, [2003] All ER (D) 374 (FD) M v F & H (Legal Paternity) [2013] EWHC 1901 Re B [1996] 2 FLR 15

Re C [1985] 2 FLR 846 *} Re C (Parental Order) [2013] EWHC 2408 (Fam) Re D (a child) [2005] UKHL 33, [2005] All ER (D) 164 (HL) Re L (Commercial Surrogacy) [2010] EWHC 3146, [2011] 1 FLR 1423 Re P-M (Parental Order: Payments to Surrogacy Agency) [2013] EWHC 2328 Re Q [1996] 1 FLR 369 Re R (Contact: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990) [2001] 1 FLR 247 FD (FD) Re R (Parental Responsibility: IVF Baby) [2003] 1 FLR 1183, [2003] All ER (D) 266 (CA) Re X and Y (Foreign Surrogacy) [2008] EWHC 3030 (Fam) Re Z (No. 2) [2016] EWHC 1191 (Fam) R v HFEA, ex parte Blood [1997] 2 All ER 687 T v B [2010] EWHC 1444 (Fam) X, Y and Z v UK (1997) 24 EHRR 121 Other commentary to be consulted: Bainham, Day Sclater, & Richards What is a Parent? A Socio-Legal Analysis (1999) Bainham ‘Arguments about parentage’, (2008) 67 Cambridge Law Journal, 322 Booth & Bond ‘Who is my Parent — and What Does it Mean Anyway?’ [2006] 36 Fam Law 578 Brazier Medicine, Patients and the Law (2ed) (1992) Callus ‘First “Designer Babies”, now À La Carte Parents’ (2008) Fam Law 143 Campbell ‘Conceiving parents through law’ (2007) 21 International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 242 Ford & Morgan ‘Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust v A - Addressing a misconception’ 15 [2003] CFLQ 199 Hale, Pearl, Cooke, & Bates Chs 10, 11, 12 & 14 Jones ‘Parents in law: Subjective impacts and status implications around the use of licensed donor insemination’ in Diduck & O’Donovan (eds) Feminist Perspectives on Family Law (2007) Jones ‘The identification of “parents” and “siblings”’ in Wallbank, Choudhry and Herring (eds) Rights, Gender and Family Law (2010) Law Commission Building families through surrogacy: a new law A joint consultation paper (Consultation Paper No 244: 6 June 2019) Lee & Morgan Birthrights: Law and Ethics at the Beginnings of Life (1989) Lind ‘Evans v United Kingdom – Judgments of Solomon: Power, Gender and Procreation’ (2006) 18 Child and Family Law Quarterly 576 Lind 'Perceptions of Sex in the Legal Determination of Fatherhood: X, Y and Z v. UK' (1997) 9 CFLQ 401 – 408 Lind ‘Re R (Paternity of IVF Baby) – Unmarried paternity under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990’ 15 [2003] CFLQ 32 Lind ‘Responsible Fathers: Paternity, the Blood Tie and Family Responsibility’ in Bridgeman, Keating and Lind (eds) Responsibility, Law and the Family (2008) Probert ‘Families, Assisted Reproduction And The Law’ [2004] 16 CFLQ 273 Sheldon ‘Fragmenting Fatherhood: The Regulation of Reproductive Technologies’ (2005) 68 Modern Law Review 523

Sutherland ‘'Man not included' - single women, female couples and procreative freedom in the UK’ 15 [2003] CFLQ 155 Warnock Report of the Committee of Enquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (1984) (Warnock Report)

LECTURE 3: Acquiring Parental Responsibility Weeks 3 & 4

Craig Lind Textbook Reading: Lowe and Douglas, Ch 10 & 11 Harris-Short, Miles & Rob Ch 10 Diduck & Kaganas Chs 3, 4, 7 & 8 Gilmore & Glennon ch 7 Herring Ch 8 Legislation: Family Law Act 1986, s55A Family Law Reform Act 1987 Adoption and Children Act 2002, s 111, 112, 46(1), (2) Civil Partnership Act 2004, s 75 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, s 42, 43, 56 Important Cases: In re H (Minors) (Local Authority: Parental Rights) (no 3) [1991] Fam 151 In the Matter of DW (a minor) [2013] EWHC 854 In the matter of M (A Child) [2013] EWCA Civ 969 M v M (Parental Responsibility) [1999] 2 FLR 737 R v E and F (Female Parents: Known Father) [2010] 2 FLR 383 Re A (A Child) (Joint Residence: Parental Responsibility) [2008] 3 FCR 107; Re A (Joint Residence: Parental Responsibility) [2008] EWCA Civ 867 Re D (contact and parental responsibility: lesbian mothers and known father) [2006] EWHC 2 (Fam) Re G (Parental Responsibility Order) [1994] 1 FLR 504 Re G (A Child) (Domestic Violence) [2001] 2 FCR 134 Re H (Parental Responsibility) [1998] 1 FLR 855 Re H (a child: parental responsibility) [2002] EWCA Civ 542 Re J (Parental Responsibility) [1999] 1 FLR 784

Re P (Parental Responsibility) [1997] 2 FLR 722 Re P (Terminating Parental Responsibility) [1995] 1 FLR 1048 Re R (Parental Responsibility) [2011] EWHC 1535 Re S (Parental Responsibility) [1995] 2 FLR 648 Re X (Parental Responsibility Agreement: Children in Care) [2000] 1 FLR 517 R v C [2013] EWHC 1295 (Fam) Other commentary to be consulted: Bainham, ‘Arguments about parentage’ [2008] CLJ 322 Bainham 'The Balance of Power in Family Decisions' [1986] CLJ 262 Bainham, ‘What is the point of birth registration?’ [2008] 20 CFLQ 449 Deech 'The Unmarried Father and Human Rights' [1992] 4 JCL 3 DWP, Joint birth registration: promoting parental responsibility, Cm 7160 (2007) DfCSF and DWP, Joint birth registration: recording responsibility, Cm 7293. (2008) Eekelaar ‘Rethinking Parental Responsibility’ (2001) 31 Fam L 426 George, Ideas and Debates in Family Law, 2012, ch 8 Gilmore ‘Parental responsibility and the unmarried father - a new dimension to the debate’ 15 [2003] CFLQ 21 Lowe 'The Meaning and Allocation of Parental Responsibility - a Common Lawyer's Perspective' [1997] IJLPF 192 Maclean & Eekelaar The Parental Obligation, 1997 Masson ‘The Impact of the Adoption and Children Act 2002 - Part 1 Parental Responsibility’ [2003] Fam Law 580 MoJ, Court Statistics, 2012 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/court- statistics-quarterlyjan-mar-2013 Reece, ‘The Degradation of Parental Responsibility’ in Probert, Gilmore & Herring (eds), Responsible Parents & Parental Responsibility, Hart, 2009 Sheldon, ‘Unmarried Fathers and Parental Responsibility: A Case for Reform?’ (2001) 9 Feminist Legal Studies 93 Thackray ‘Parental Responsibility: New Definitions In Same-Sex Families’ (2006) 36 Fam Law 120 Wallbank, ‘Clause 106 of the Adoption and Children Bill: legislation for the “good” father? 22 Legal Studies 276

Family Law (Pt II) 2019-20 - 10

LECTURE 4: Children’s Rights and the Welfare Principle Week 4

Craig Lind Textbook Reading: Diduck & Kaganas Chs 7 & 8 Gilmore & Glennon ch 8 & 9 Harris-Short & Miles ch 8 Herring Chs 8 Lowe and Douglas, Ch 9, 12 & 13 Legislation: Children Act 1989, s 1 Human Rights Act 1998 European Convention on Human Rights, (esp. Art 8) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) Important Cases: Birmingham City Council v H (A Minor) [1994] 2 AC 212 Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA [1986] AC 112 J v C [1970] AC 668 ato 710 (on paramountcy) Mabon v Mabon and others [2005] EWCA Civ 634 R (Axon) v Secretary of State for Health (Family Planning Association Intervening) [2006] EWHC 37 (Admin), [2006] QB 539 Re A (Conjoined Twins) [2001] 1 FLR 1 Re B (Minors) (Change of Surname) [1996] 1 FLR 791 Re G (Children) (Residence: Same-Sex Partner) [2006] UKHL 43 Re G (Children) [2012] EWCA Civ 1233 Re L (Medical Treatment: Gillick Competency) [1998] 2 FLR 810 Re M (Medical Treatment: Consent) [1999] 2 FLR 1097 Re M, T, P, K and B (Care: Change of Name) [2000] 2 FLR 645 Re P (A Minor) (Education) [1992 1 FLR 316 Re Roddy (a child) (identification: restriction on publication) [2003] EWHC 2927 Re S (Contact: Children’s Views) [2002] EWHC 540 Re W [1992] 4 All ER 627 Re X (A Child) (Injunctions Restraining Publication) [2001] 1 FCR 541 TH v SH (children: contact) [2001] All ER (D) 241 R (on the application of Begum) v Head teacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15, [2006] 2 WLR 719. R (Playfoot) v Governing Body of Millais Schools [2007] 3 FCR 754.

Family Law (Pt II) 2019-20 - 11

R (Watkins-Singh) v Governing Body of Aberdare Girls’ High School [2008] 2 FCR 203. Other commentary to be consulted: Academic consideration of relationship between welfare and HRA: Choudhry & Fenwick ‘Taking the Rights of Parents and Children Seriously: Confronting the Welfare Principle under the Human Rights Act’ (2005) 25 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 453 Fortin, ‘The HRA’s impact on litigation involving children and their families’ [1999] CFLQ 237 Fortin ‘Accommodating Children’s Rights in a Post Human Rights Act Era’ (2006) 69 MLR 299 Herring, ‘The Human Rights Act and the welfare principle in family law – conflicting or complementary?’ [1999] CFLQ 223 Critiques of Welfare Principle: George, Ideas and Debates in Family Law, 2012, ch 7 Parker,’The best interests of the child principle and problems’ (1994) 8 Int J Law & Fam 36 Reece, ‘The Paramountcy Principle: Consensus or Construct?’ (1996) 49 Current Legal Problems 267 Alternatives to the Welfare Principle: Eekelaar, ‘Beyond the welfare principle’ (2002) CFLQ 237 Herring ‘The Human Rights Act and the Welfare Principle in Family Law – Conflicting or Complementary?’ (1999) 11 CFLQ 223 Herring, ‘Farewell Welfare?’ (2005) 27 JSWFL 159-171 Herring & Foster, ‘Welfare means relationality, virtue and altruism’ (2012) Legal Studies 480 Children’s Rights: Archard, Children, Family and the State, Ashgate: Hampshire, 2003 Bainham ‘Can We Protect Children and Protect their Rights?’ (2002) Fam L 279 Campbell, ‘The Rights of the Minor: As Person, As Child, As Juvenile, As Future Adult’ in Alston, Parker and Seymour (eds), Children, Rights and the Law, Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1992, 1-23 Eekelaar, ‘The Emergence of Children’s Rights’ (1986) 6 OxJLS 161-182 Eekelaar, ‘The interests of the child and the child’s wishes: the role of dynamic self-determinism’ (1994) 8 International Journal of Law and the Family 42-63 Fortin, Children’s Rights and the Developing Law, Reed Elsevier (UK) Ltd: London, 2003 Freeman, The Rights and Wrongs of Children, 1983 Freeman, ‘Taking Children’s Rights More Seriously’ (1992) 6 International Journal of Law and the Family 52-71 Freeman, ‘Why It Remains Important to Take Children’s Rights Seriously’ (2007) 15 International Journal of Children’s Rights 5-23

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O’Neal ‘Children’s Rights and Children’s Lives’ (1988) 98 Ethics 445 (also in Alston, Parker and Seymour (eds), Children, Rights and the Law, Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1992) Other reading for further research Cave E. (2011) 'Maximisation of minors' capacity', 23 (4) Child and Family Law Quarterly 431. Cave, E. and J. Wallbank (2012) 'Minors' Capacity to refuse Treatment: A Reply to Gilmore and Herring', 2012 Medical Law Review. Choudhry, S. and J Herring (2010) European Human Rights and Family Law, Ch 6. Choudhry, S. and H Fenwick (2005) 'Taking the rights of parents and children seriously: confronting the welfare principle under the Human Rights Act', 25 (3) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 453. Eekeelaar, J. (2004) 'Children between Cultures', 18 International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 178. George, R. (2012) 'The Values of Welfare' in his Ideas and Debates in Family Law, (Oxford: Hart Publishing), pp.112-128. Gilmore, S. and J Herring (2011) 'No is the hardest word. Consent and Children's autonomy', 23 (1) Child and Family Law Quarterly 3. Gilmore, S. and J Herring (2012) 'Children's Refusal to Treatment: The debate continues' [2012] Family Law 973. Hale, B, Pearl, D, Cooke, E and D, Monk (2009) The Family, Law and Society. Cases and Materials, (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp.55-75. Herring, J. and C Foster (2012) 'Welfare Means Rationality, Virtue and Altruism', 32 Legal Studies 480. Herring, J., Probert, H. and S Gilmore (2012) Great Debates in Family Law, (London: Palgrave MacMillan), Chapter 3.

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LECTURE 5: Violence and Neglect in Family Relationships: Child Protection Weeks 5 & 6 Maria Federica Moscati Textbook Reading: ONE OF: Harris-Short, Miles, and George Chap. 12. Diduck and Kaganas, Chapters 13 (Child abuse) & 14 (Child protection) Herring, Chap 10 (Child protection) and Chap. 11 pp. 639-665 (Children in care). Bainham, Part III. Lowe and Douglas, Chapters 15 (Children and Local Authorities), 16 (Children and Local Authorities: investigation of child abuse); 17 PLUS Fortin, Chapters 15 and 16. **Keating, ‘The significance of harm’ (2011) Child and Family Law Quarterly 115 **Keating, ‘Suspicions, sitting on the fence and standards of proof’ (2009) 21 Child and Family Law Quarterly 230. AND have a quick look at (all available on Study Direct): DfES (2015) Working Together to Safeguard Children: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/41 9595/Working_Together_to_Safeguard_Children.pdf DfES (2003) Every Child Matters: https://www.education.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/EveryChildMatter s.pdf H Laming (Chairman) The Victoria Climbié Inquiry: Report on an Inquiry by Lord Laming Cm 5730, (HMSO 2003): https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/27 3183/5730.pdf LSCB Haringey (2009) Serious Case Review: Baby Peter (Executive Summary), http://www.haringeylscb.org/sites/haringeylscb/files/executive_summary_peter_fi nal.pdf Legislation:

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On Child Abuse: Children Act 1989 Parts IV and V. Children Act 2004 section 58 On Children’s services – the local authority Children Act 1989 Part III especially ss 17, 20, 26, 27 and Schedule 2. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989: article 9. On Children needing services, care or protection: Children Act 1989: Part III; Part IV; Part V; Schedule 2 (s17 has been amended and s26A inserted by the Adoption and Children Act 2002) Section 43 Children Act...