Fifth Disease - M. Milner PDF

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Summary

M. Milner...

Description

Fifth Disease Pathophysiology A common and highly contagious childhood ailment causing a distinctive face rash. 

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Spread: o Droplet. o Blood. Incubation: o 4 to 14 days sometimes up to 21 days. Communicability: o Onset of manifestations before rash appears.

Risk Factors          

History of communicable diseases. Immunocompromised status. Crowded living conditions. Poor sanitation. Poor nutrition. Poor oxygenation and impaired circulation. Chronic illness. Recent exposure to a known case of a communicable disease. Not immunized or up to date on immunizations. Prodromal manifestations.

Expected Findings 

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Before rash (several days): o Fever. o Runny nose. o Headache. Rash ( 7 days to several weeks): o Red rash on face which disappears around day 1 to 4. o Maculopapular red spots symmetrically distributed on upper and lower extremities progressing proximal to distal surfaces through 1 week. o Secondary itchy rash that can appear on rest of body, especially on the soles of the feet.

Laboratory Tests  1

Complete blood count (CBC).

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Electrolyte panels.

Nursing Care          

Administer an antipyretic for fever. Do not administer aspirin, due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Administer an antipruritic for severe itching. Administer analgesics for pain. Provide fluids and nutritious foods if the child’s preference. Provide quiet diversional activities. Promote adequate rest with naps if necessary. Keep lights dim if the child develops photophobia. Keep the child out of the sun. Notify the child’s a school or day care center of the child’s infection. Obtain a plan from the school so that the child can continue working on schoolwork at home. Notify the health department of communicable diseases.

Patient Education      

Good hand hygiene prevents the spread of infection. Adhere to the antibiotic or antiviral therapy. Cover the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing. Wash bed linens daily in mild detergent. If immunocompromised seek prompt medical care if manifestations develop. Adolescents can participate in decision making.

Complications 

2

Self-limited arthritis and arthralgia (more common in adult females)....