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Table of Contents Topic 2......................................................................................................................................... KLVC v SDI [2015] 1 All SA 532 (SCA) S v YG 2018 (1) SACR 64 (GJ) ..........................................................................

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Tabl eofCont e nt s To pi c2 .........................................................................................................................................2 KLVCvSDI[ 2 015 ]1Al lSA5 32( SCA) ......................................................................................................2 SvYG2 018( 1)SACR6 4( GJ) ....................................................................................................................4 Ce nt r ef o rChi l dLawa ndNN, NS, LZt hePr e s i di ngOffic e roft heBoks bur gChi l dr e n’ sCo ur t , t he Ga ut e ngMECofHe al t handt heChi e f ......................................................................................................7

To pi c3 .........................................................................................................................................8 ExPa r t eMS2 014( 3)SA415( GP) .............................................................................................................8 I nRec onfir mat i onofThr e eSur r o g at eMo t he r ho odAg r e e me nt s2 011( 6)SA2 2( GSJ) ....................13 ExPa r t eWH201 1( 6 )SA51 4( GNP) .......................................................................................................14 ExPa r t eCJD2 01 8( 3)SA197( GP) ..........................................................................................................15

To pi c4 .......................................................................................................................................20 Va nJ a a r s v e l dvBr i dg e s2 01 0( 4)SA55 8( SCA) .......................................................................20 Po ne l a tvSc hr e pf e r20 12( 1)SA2 06( SCA) ..............................................................................................22 But t e r svMnc or a2 01 2( 4 )SA1( SCA) .....................................................................................................23 Cl o e t evMa r i t z[ 2 014 ]JOL32 11 0( WCC) ...............................................................................................25

To pi c5 .......................................................................................................................................27 Mi ni s t e rofHo meAffa i r sa ndAno t he rvFo ur i ea ndAno t he r ;Le s bi a na ndGa yEqua l i t yPr o j e c t a ndOt he r svMi ni s t e rofHomeAffai r sa ndOt he r s2006( 1 )SA5 24( CC) ............................................27

To pi c6 .......................................................................................................................................29 Br o di evMapo s a2 01 8( 3 )SA1 29( WCC..................................................................................................29

To pi c8 .......................................................................................................................................31 Gume devPr e s i de ntoft heRS A200 9( 3 )SA15 2( CC) ...........................................................................31 MM vMN20 13( 4 )SA41 5( CC) ...............................................................................................................32 Ramuho v hia ndOt he r svPr e s i de nto ft heRe publ i cofSout hAf r i c aandOt he r s201 8( 2 )SA1( CC) ......................................................................................................................................................................34

To pi c9 .......................................................................................................................................36 Go v e nde rvRa ga v a y a h200 9( 3 )SA17 8( D) .............................................................................................36

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Topi c2 KLVCvSDI[ 2 0 15 ]1Al lSA5 3 2( SCA) TheFa c t s : Ap pe l l a nta ndFi r s tRe s ponde n ta r et h ebi o l o gi c a lpa r e nt so fmi n orS.The ywe r ene v e r ma r r i e dno rd i dt h e yc oha b i torl i v et o g e t he ri nap e r ma n e ntl i f ep a r t ne r s h i p?Fi r s tr e s pond e nt a ta l lma t e r i a lt i me sc ons e nt e dt ob e i n gi d e n t i fie da st hec h i l d’ sf a t h e r . Whi l eh ewa sona b r i e ft r i pt ot h eUSAt hea p pe l l a ntr e mo v e dSf r o m Du r b a na n dr e l o c a t e dt oEn gl a nd .Fi r s t r e s p onde n ta ppl i e dt oac our ti nt heUKt oor de rt h ea p pe l l a n tt or e t ur nSb a c kt oSou t h Af r i c a .Th ec o ur twa suna b l et oc o met oade c i s i o na n ds or e f e r r e dt h eq u e s t i on( l a wf u lf o r t h emo t h e r ,u nde rSAl a w, t oc ha n g et h ep l a c eo fr e s i de n c eo fSf r o m SAt oUKwi t houtpr i o r c o ns e ntoff a t he rorot h e ra p pr opr i a t eSAc o ur t )t oaSou t hAf r i c a nc o ur t . Co ur taq uor ul e di nf a t h e r sf a v ora ndf o undt h a theme ta l lt h er e q ui r e me nt sp r e s c r i be di n S2 1( 1 ) ( b) ( i ) ( i i i )ofTh eChi l d r e n ’ sAc t38of2005 .Hea c q u i r e df ul lpa r e n t a lr i gh t sa n d r e s p ons i b i l i t i e si nr e s pe c tofSa se n vi s a g e di nS18o fTh eAc t . I twa st he r e f o r ene c e s s a r yt ha t t h ea ppe l l a ntobt a i ne dt hefir s tr e s pon de nt s ’c o ns e nt . Ap pe l l a nts o u gh tt oe x pa n dt hegr oundsofhe ra p pe a l :( 1)t h a tt h ec o mp e t e nc yo fh e rc o uns e l i nt h ec o ur taq u owa si na de q u a t ea n d( 2)s hewa nt e dt ob r i n gmor ee v i d e nc ef or wa r d.Bo t h we r ede ni e d . TheLe g a lI s s u e : Thel a wf u l n e s soro t he r wi s eo ft hea p pe l l a n t ’ sc o ndu c twhe ns her e mo v e dt hec hi l df r o m Sout hAf r i c amu s tb ed e t e r mi n e dwi t hr e f e r e nc et ot h i sd a t e . Wa si tl a wf u lf o rt hea ppe l l a ntt oc ha n g et h ep l a c eo fr e s i de n c eo fSf r om SAt ot h eUK wi t h outpr i o rc on s e nto ff a t he roro t he ra ppr opr i a t eSAc o ur t ? TheLe g a lPr i n c i p l e : Ri g ht sa n dr e s pons i b i l i t i e so ft heu nma r r i e df a t h e r . Ap pl i c a t i on: I nt e r msofS21( 1) ( b)oft heAc tha dt hefir s tr e s p onde ntha da c q u i r e df ul lpa r e n t a lr i g ht sa n d r e s p ons i b i l i t i e si nr e s pe c toft h ec hi l de n vi s a g e di nS18( 2 ) ( c )i fa ffir ma t i v e , fir s tr e s p onde n t s c o ns e ntwo ul dbene e d e d. Co ur taq uod e c i s i onwa st h a te v e ni fr e q u i r e me n t swe r es e l f s t a n di n ga n dd i s t i nc t r e q ui r e me nt s ,t h efir s tr e s p onde ntha dme tt h e ma l l .Thel a n g ua g eo ft he s er e q ui r e me nt si s d e l i b e r a t e l ybr oa dpe r mi t t i n gar a n g eofc on s i de r a t i o nsi nor de rt oe x e r c i s ev a l uej ud g e me n t . Anunma r r i e df a t he re i t h e ra c q u i r e sp a r e nt a lr i g ht sa n dr e s p ons i b i l i t i e so rh ed oe s n ’ t . S2 1( b ) ( i )i sno ti nd i s put ea shec ons e nt e dt ob e i n gi de nt i fie da st hef a t he r . S2 1( b ) ( i i )a n d( i i i )a r ei ndi s put ea ndt heme a ni n gt h a twa si nt e nde db yt heLe gi s l a t u r ef or p hr a s e sl i k e‘ c o nt r i b ut e ’a n d‘ f o rr e a s o na b l ep e r i od’mu s tbea n a l y z e d . Lo oka tt h ep ur po s eoft hel e gi s l a t u r e : -Un de rt hec ommonl a wu nma r r i e df a t h e r sa c q ui r e dnop a r e nt a lr i ght sa n dr e s p ons i b i l i t i e sf o r c hi l dr e nb or no uto fwe d l o c k . 2

-S21wa ss pe c i fic a l l yi n t e nde dt opr o v et hea u t oma t i ca c q ui s i t i o nofpa r e n t a lr i gh t sb y u nma r r i e df a t he r si fhewa sa bl et ome e tc e r t a i nr e q ui r e me n t s .I nt e nt i onwa st oa c c or da n u nma r r i e df a t he rs i mi l a rr i gh t sa n dr e s po ns i bi l i t i e si nr e l a t i ont oh i sc hi l da sama r r i e df a t h e r wo ul dh a v e . Pr omo t e se q ua l i t y( S9)a ndt her i g htofac hi l dt op a r e nt a lc a r ea se n vi s a g e db y( S28) . -S20a c c or d sa u t o ma t i cf ul lpa r e n t a lr e s p ons i bi l i t i e sa n dr i gh t st oma r r i e df a t he r s , ma k e sno s t i pul a t i onwha t s o e v e rt ha ts uc hf a t h e r ss h o ul dc o nt r i but et o wa r d st h eu pbr i n gi n gore x pe ns e s o ft he i rc hi l dr e n . -Cl e a rt ha tt h eLe gi s l a t u r edr a wsadi s t i n c t i o nbe t we e nma r r i e da n dun ma r r i e df a t h e r s . Si g ni fic a ntt ha tt h eLe gi s l a t u r ed i dno tq ua l i f yt h ewor d‘ c o nt r i b ut e ’ . Agr e e : Co ur taq uo Thec onc e ptofac o nt r i b ut i ono ra na t t e mpti ng o odf a i t ht oc ont r i but et ot h ec hi l d’ s u pbr i n gi n gf orar e a s ona b l ep e r i oda r e :“ e l a s t i cc o nc e p t sa dp e r mi tar a n g eo fc ons i d e r a t i ons c ul mi n a t i n gi nav a l uej ud g e me n ta st owhe t h e rwha twa sdonec oul dbes a i dt obea c o nt r i but i ono rag o odf a i t ha t t e nda tc ont r i but i n gt ot hec hi l d ’ supb r i n gi n go v e rape r i od wh i c h,i nt hec i r c u ms t a n c e s ,i sr e a s o n a bl e ” S2 1( 1 ) ( b) ( i i ) Thea ppe l l a ntc o nt e nde dt ha tt h efir s tr e s ponde n twa sno tpr e s e nta tt h eb i r t h ,u n wi l l i n gf a t h e r f r o mt h ed a yh ewa sma dea wa r eo ft hep r e g na n c y ,o nl yma d evi s i t sf o r2 03 0mi nut e si n s t e a d o ft hea gr e e d40e t c . Mos ta s s e r t i onsa r ei r r e l e v a ntt ot h er e q ui r e me nt .Fi r s tr e s pon de ntd e mo ns t r a t e dt h a ta ta l l ma t e r i a lt i me shewa swi l l i n gt obei n v o l v e di nS’ swe l l b e i n ga n dup br i n gi n g .Ap pe l l a ntma de i td i ffic ul tt of u l filt hi sr e q ui r e me nt( wo u l d n ’ ta l l o wh i mt ob ep r e s e nta tt h ebi r t ho ft hec hi l d ) . Cl e a rf r om e v i d e n c et h a tt h eFi r s tRe s ponde n td e s i r e dt os p e ndmo r et i mewi t hS. Thef a c tt ha t : TheFi r s tRe s ponde n tv i s i t e da n di n t e r a c t e dwi t hSr e gul a r l y I nt r oduc e dSt oh i se x t e nde df a mi l y . To oko uta ne n do wme ntpol i c yt oc a t e rf o rS’ sf u t ur eu pbr i n gi n g . Ar ec ont r i but i onst oS’ su pbr i n gi n gpr i orr e mo v a lt oEn gl a nda n ds ot h i sr e q ui r e me ntha s b e e nme t . S2 1( b ) ( i i i ) Ex pe n s e sr e l a t e dt ot hema i nt e na nc eoft hec hi l df orar e a s ona b l epe r i od.Mu s tc on s i de r a g a i n s t : S2 1( 2 )o fTh eAc t :t hi sr e q u i r e me ntdoe snota ffe c tt h ed ut yo faf a t h e rt oc o n t r i b ut et o wa r d s t h ema i nt e na n c eo ft hec hi l d . Thee x t e nta ndn a t u r eo ft hec o n t r i b ut i oni sa g a i nun q ua l i fie di nt h el e gi s l a t i on. Ma i nt e n a n c eAc t99o f1 99 8. Fi r s tRe s ponde n tb ou gh ts e v e r a li t e msf orSa n db ui l tc h a n g i n gt a b l e( s e n t i me nt a lv a l u e ) . Offe r e dt opu tSonhi sme di c a la i da n dwa sne v e rgi v e nAppe l l a nt sb a nki n gd e t a i l swhe n a s k e df o rt he m. Co nt r i b ut e da p pr o xi ma t e l y11. 5 % ofS’ se x p e ns e s( R1 400 0) . Co nt r i b ut i on st oS’ se x pe n s e si nc o nn e c t i o nwi t ht hema i nt e na nc eoft hec hi l da r es u b s t a n t i a l a n ds or e q ui r e me ntha sbe e nme t . Fi r s tRe s ponde n td e mons t r a t e ds u ffic i e nt l yt h a theh a da c q u i r e df ul lpa r e n t a lr e s po ns i bi l i t i e s o fS. Co ur tOr d e r : 3

Asc ogua r di a nofSt h efir s tr e s pon de nt ’ sc o ns e ntwa s , t h e r e f or e ,r e q u i r e dp r i o rt ot h er e mo v a l o fSf r om t h eRe publ i cb yt hea p pe l l a nt . Be c a us et h ea p pe l l a ntma det hep r o c e s sl e a d i n gu pt ot h i sp oi n tp a r t i c ul a r l yd i ffic ul t ,s hemus t p a yc os t s .Thea ppe a li sdi s mi s s e d.

SvYG 2 01 8( 1 )SACR6 4( GJ) TheFa c t s : Ama nwa sc on vi c t e dwi t h2c ount so fa s s a u l t , oneofwhi c hbe i n gh i ss on.Hec o nt e nde dt h a t wh a thed i dwa st oc ha s t i s eh i ss o nwi t hi nt hebo und soft hel a wa f t e rh eh a dc a u ghthi m wa t c h i n gpo r no gr a ph yonh i st a bl e ta swe l la sl y i n ga b outwha th ewa sdoi n g .Heu s e dt h e c o mmonl a wd e f e n s eo fmode r a t ec ha s t i s e me nt .M ( s o n)ha ds t a t e dt h a thewa sno twa t c hi n g t h ep or no gr a phi cma t e r i a lb utt h ea p pe l l a ntpe r s i s t e d.Th e r ewa sav e r ba le x c h a n g e .Whe nM r e p e a t e dh i sd e ni a l , t h ea p pe l l a nthi thi m.Hea r gue dt h a thep r a c t i c e dc o r por a t epun i s hme nt b e c a us ehewa saMu s l i ma n dhi sr e l i gi o ns t r i c t l ypr ohi bi t e dp or no gr a ph y .Th ec o ur the l dt h a t t h ef a t he rha dp unc he dhi ss o no nt h et h i g hsa n dc he s ta n dki c k e dhi mt hr e eo rf ourt i me s wh i l ehi ss o nwa sont heflo or .Th ed e f e nda nta r gu e dt h a theme r e l ys pa nk e dhi ss o no nt h e b ut t oc k s . Thec ou r t sh e l dt h a theha de x c e e de dt heb ound sofmode r a t eorr e a s ona b l e c ha s t i s e me nti na c t i n ga sh eh a d . Thel e g a lI s s ue : I nr e s p e c to ft heCons t i t u t i ona li s s u e : Thec ommonl a wd e f e n s eofr e a s ona b l ec h a s t i s e me nti su nc on s t i t ut i ona la ndn ol on g e r a p pl i e si nourl a w. Thed e v e l o pme ntoft hec ommonl a wr e f e r r e dt oa b o v ei sonl ya p pl i c a b l et oc ondu c tt h a tt a k e s p l a c ea f t e rt h ed a t eofj u d g e me n t . Tha ti s s u ec onc e r n st h eq ue s t i o no fwhe t he rt hed e f e ns eo fmode r a t ec ha s t i s e me ntt oac ha r g e o fa s s a ul t ,whi c hi sb a s e do nt h ec ommonl a wr i ghtofapa r e n tt oi n fli c tc o r p or a lp uni s hme n t o nhi sorh e rc h i l dr e n, i sc o mpa t i b l ewi t ht h eCo ns t i t ut i on?I ti n f r i n g e sonma n yr i ght soft h e c hi l d . TheLe g a lPr i n c i p l e : Thep r i n c i pl eofr e a s ona b l ec h a s t i s e me ntt obeunc o ns t i t ut i ona l ,i tmus ta c tpr os pe c t i v e l y .As t h ep r i n c i p l eofl e g a l i t yr e q ui r e dt h ee v e ni ft hi sc o ur twe r et od e c i det h a tt h ec ommonl a w r ul ewa sunc on s t i t ut i ona l ,t h ee ffe c to fad e c l a r a t i o nt ot hi se ffe c ts h ou l dbep r os pe c t i v ea nd s houl dno ta ffe c tt hea ppe l l a nt ’ sr i g ht si nt h i sma t t e r . Th i si sdu et ot h en ot i ont ha ti ti s n e c e s s a r yt oc l a r i f yt h el a ws ho ul dno tb et ot h ed e t r i me ntoft hea c c us e dpe r s onc o nc e r n e d ( hewo n ’ tbec ha r g e d )u nl e s shewa sa wa r eoft hen a t ur eoft hec r i mi na l i t yo fhi sa c t . The d e f e n s et oa na s s a u l tc l a i mi n v o l vi n gt h ep a r e nti st h er e a s o na bl ec ha s t i s e me ntde f e ns e . Ap pl i c a t i on: Thec our tde c i de dt ha ti tdo e sha v et hep o we rt oma k et hi sd e c i s i o na si nt h ei nt e r e s t sof j us t i c e ,i tmus tc ons i d e rt hec on s t i t ut i o na l i t yoft h ec o mmonl a wde f e ns eo fr e a s ona b l e c ha s t i s e me nt . Fur t he r mor e , t h i sd e t e r mi na t i onwi l lha v es ub s t a n t i a lp r a c t i c a li mpl i c a t i o nsf orf ut u r es i mi l a r c a s e s . Thec ons t i t u t i o na lr i g ht sf r o m S1 0,S9 ( 3 )S12( 1) ( c ) ( e )S28 ( 2 ) . Cor p or a lp uni s h me n tg oe s a g a i n s tComme nt8oft h eCRC.Chi l dr e na r er e c o g ni z e da sc o ns t i t ut i ona lbe i n g sund e rt he 4

c o ns t i t ut i ona ndt h us ,h a v et h e i ro wnr i g ht swhi c hmu s tbepr o t e c t e da n ds oami n ds hi f tmu s t b ema d ei tac h i l d-f oc u s e dmo de lo fj u s t i c e . Th ep a r e n t a lr i g ht sf r o m whi c ht h i sde f e ns e s t e msf r om i sa todd swi t hu sc h i l df oc us e dmo de lo fr i gh t s .I ti sa r gue dt ha tt h i sde f e ns ei si n t h eb e s ti nt e r e s to ft hec h i l d( 656 6)a ndt h ec ommonl a wg i v e same t hodt os e ei fi ti s r e a s ona b l e ,ho we v e ri ti sa r bi t r a r ya n da r eoutofl i newi t ho urc h i l df oc us e dmo de l . Thec our t l ook e da ts e v e r a lf a c t o r st ode t e r mi newh a tr e a s ona b l eormode r a t ec ha s t i s e me nti s : Then a t u r eo ft hec hi l d ’ sdi s c i pl i n a r yi nf r a c t i o n. Themot i v eoft hep e r s o na d mi n i s t e r i n gt hep uni s hme n t . Thed e gr e eoft h ef o r c ea p pl i e d . Theo b j e c tt h a twa su s e dt oa d mi n i s t e rt h ep uni s hme n t . Thea g e ,s e xa n db ui l do ft hec hi l d . Al lc h a s t i s e me nti n v ol v e sal e v e lo fv i o l e nc ea ndt h u sb r e a c he st heph y s i c a li n t e gr i t yoft h e c hi l d( S12v i o l a t e d)a ndi n v o l v e dal e v e lo fd e gr a da t i o nIh a v ea l r e a d yout l i n e dwh y , i nmy v i e w, t h er i g ht si nq ue s t i o na r eCv e r yi mpo r t a n t . I ns h o r t , t he yi n v ol v et h er i ght so fc h i l dr e n t ob epr o t e c t e d,e q ua l l ywi t ha d ul t s , f r o ma s s a u l t st ha tc o ns t i t ut ea na ffr o ntt ot h e i rd i g ni t y a n dbo di l yi n t e g r i t y . The ya r ep a r t i c u l a r l yi mpor t a n tr i ght si nt hec ont e x toft hehi ghl e v e l so fc h i l da b us ea n d v i o l e n c et ha tpe r v a deo urs o c i e t y . I ti si mpor t a n tt ha tt h es t a t ei se mp o we r e d,r a t h e rt h a nD s ha c kl e d,b yt hea r s e na la ti t sdi s pos a lt oi n v e s t i g a t e , pr e v e n ta ndp r o t e c tc hi l dr e nf r om h a r mf ula ndp o t e n t i a l l yh a r mf uls i t u a t i on s . Thed e f e ns ec r e a t e saz onef o rs t a t ei n v o l v e me nt , wh i c hi snotc o nduc i v et of a c i l i t a t i n gac h i l df oc u s e dj us t i c ea ndpr ot e c t i o ns y s t e mf or c hi l dr e n.Th ee x i s t e n c eo ft hede f e ns e ,whi c hl e gi t i mi z e sa s s a u l tonl yi nr e l a t i ont oEc h i l dr e n, i sf unda me nt a l l ya to dd swi t ht h eb e s ti n t e r e s t soft h ec hi l da n dl os sofdi gn i t y( S28( 1 ) ( d ) ) . Thes t a t ei sa l s ogi v e nl e s spo we rt opr ot e c tt h ec hi l d ’ sr i g ht s . Re f e r r e dt o: Chr i s t i a nEduc a t i o nSou t hAf r i c avMi n i s t e rofEduc a t i o n. SvM ( Ce nt r ef o rCh i l dLa wa sAmi c usCur i a e ) . Bo t hi n v ol v e di n s t i t ut i ona l i z e dc o r p or a lp uni s hme n ta nds owe r edi ffe r e ntt ot h i sc a s e .

Co ur tOr d e r : Thed e f e ns ebr e a c he dt h ec hi l dr e n ’ sr i g htt obodi l yf ordi s c i pl i na r ypur po s e s .Ev e ni ft hel e v e l o fc ha s t i s e me n twa s ;i ti ne v i t a bl yi n v o l v e dame a s ur eo fv i o l e nc e .I tu ndoub t e d l ya l s o b r e a c he dt h ep h y s i c a li nt e g r i t yo ft hec hi l da n dwa savi o l a t i onoft h er i g ht sg ua r a nt e e du nde r S1 2oft h eCo ns t i t ut i on.I ta l s ob r e a c he dt hec hi l d ’ sr i g htt od i gni t yu nde rS10a ndwa snota r a t i o na ldi ffe r e nt i a t i ont ha two ul df a l lwi t h i nt h eb ound sofd i ffe r e ntt r e a t me n t ,p e r mi s s i bl e u nde rS9o ft heCo ns t i t ut i on.Th ec our ta c c o r di n gl yd i s mi s s e dt hea p pe a la n dh e l dt h a tt h e c o mmonl a wde f e n s eo fr e a s o na b l ec h a s t i s e me ntwa sun c on s t i t ut i ona la ndn ol on g e ra p pl i e d i nourl a w.Thi sde v e l o pme nto ft h ec o mmonl a wwa sa pp l i c a b l eonl yt oc o ndu c tt h a tt o ok p l a c ea f t e rt h ed a t eofj u d gme nt

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