Flakiness and elongation index PDF

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Centre for Diploma Studies________________________________________________________________DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGHIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LABORATORYLAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORTNama Kursus/ Course NameHIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERINGKod Kursus/ Course CodeDAC 21 903Tajuk Ujikaji/ Ti...

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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies ________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY LAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORT Nama Kursus/ Course Name Kod Kursus/ Course Code Tajuk Ujikaji/ Title of Experiment Lecturer/ Instructor Name

HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING DAC 21903 AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST: FLAKINESS AND ELONGATION INDEX TS. MOHD. ERWAN BIN SANIK

Kumpulan/Group Nama Ketua Kumpulan /Group Leader Name

ILHAM ADAM BIN IRWAN

Nama Ahli Kumpulan/ Group Members MOHAMAD SHAHRUL AZIM BIN MOHAMAD 1. SHAH HARUNAN A/L 2. MUNIRAJAN

No. Matrik AA200632

AA201349

3. Tarikh Ujikaji / Date of Experiment Tarikh Hantar / Date of Submission

Seksyen /Section 1

A2

21/11/2021 5/12/2021

ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS

No. Matrik AA200990 Penilaian / Assessment

Data (Data)

25 %

Analisis/Keputusan (Analysis/Result)

25 %

Perbincangan (Discussion) Kesimpulan (Conclusion) JUMLAH / TOTAL

30 % 20 % 100 %

COP DITERIMA/APPROVED STAMP

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lab Report Rubric (Assessment Form) Criteria

1

Data (25%)

∙ Data is not represented or is not accurate

Analysis / Result (25%)

∙ Trends / patterns are not analyzed ∙ Analysis is not relevant

3

4

∙ Data lacks precision ∙ Greater than 20% difference with accepted values

2

∙ Good representation of the data using tables and/or graphs ∙ Less than 15% difference with accepted values ∙ Precision is acceptable

∙ Accurate representation of the data using tables and/or graphs ∙ Data is fairly precise ∙ Less than 10% difference with accepted values

∙ Trends / patterns are not analyzed

∙ Trends / patterns are logically analyzed for the most part ∙ Questions are answered in complete sentences ∙ Analysis is general ∙ A statement of the results of the lab indicates whether results support the hypothesis

∙ Conclusion was presented somewhat accurate and relevant to result obtain from the laboratory work

∙ Trends / patterns are logically analyzed ∙ Questions are answered in complete sentences ∙ Analysis is thoughtful ∙ Accurate statement of the results of the lab indicates whether results support the hypothesis ∙ Possible sources of error identified ∙ Conclusion was presented accurately and relevant to result obtain from the laboratory work with minor mistakes

SIGNATURE :

DATE :

∙ Analysis is inconsistent Discussion (30%)

Conclusion (20%)

DAC 20903: Highway and Traffic Engineering

∙ No discussion was included or shows little effort and reflection on the lab

● A statement of the results is incomplete with little reflection on the lab

∙ Conclusion was not presented

∙ Conclusion was minimally presented

NAME OF LECTURER : Note : SCR = SCORE, WT = WEIGHTAGE, TSCR = TOTAL SCORE

Test Title : 5 ∙ Accurate representation of the data using tables and/or graphs ∙ Graphs and tables are labeled and titled ∙ Data is precise with less than 5% difference with accepted values ∙ Trends / patterns are logically analyzed ∙ Questions are answered thoroughly and in complete sentences ∙ Analysis is insightful ∙ Accurate statement of the results of lab indicates whether results support hypothesis ∙ Possible sources of error and what was learned from the lab discussed ∙ Conclusion was presented accurately and relevant to result obtain from the laboratory work

TOTAL SCORE :

SCR

WT

TSCR (%)

5

5

0

6

0

4

0

/ 100

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre of Diploma Studies ________________________________________________________________

STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC (SCE) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the report is true.

_________________ Student Signature

Name

: Harunan S/O Munirajan

Matric No. : AA201349 Date

: 5/12/2021

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies

1.0 INTRODUCTION The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongation particles. Flaky and elongation particles are considered undesirable as they cause weakness of the pavement. Rounded aggregates are preferred in cement concrete pavements as the workability of concrete improves. Regular shapes of particles are desirable for granular base course due to increase stability desired from better interlocking. When the shape of aggregates deviates more from the spherical shape, as in the case of angular, flaky and elongation aggregate the void content increase and hence the grain size distribution of the aggregates has to be suitable altered in order to obtain minimum voids in the dry mix on the maximum density.

1.1 FLAKINESS INDEX Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness (Smallest dimension) of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve sizes. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested. This test is not applicable to aggregate passing 6.30mm sieve and retained as 63.0 mm sieve. 1.2 ELONGATION INDEX Aggregate particles are classified as elongation when they have a length (Greatest dimension) of more than 1.8 of their mean sieve size. The elongation index is found by separating the elongation particles and expressing their mess as a percentage of the mass of sample tested. The test is not applicable to material passing 6.30 mm sieve or retained on 50 mm sieve.

2.0 OBJECTIVE To determine the flakiness and elongation indices of the given aggregate sample.

3.0 APPARATUS 3.1 Metal length gauge 3.2 Sieve 3.3 Balance 3.4 Tray

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies

FIGURE 1: Metal length gauges for elongation (above) and flakiness (below)

4.0 PROCEDURES 4.1 FLAKINESS INDEX 4.1.1 Sieved sample with sieves mentioned in Table 1. Weighted each of the individual size fraction (WI, W2, W3....) retained on these sieves, other than the 63.0 mm sieve and stored them in separate trays marked with their size. 4.1.2 Gauged each fraction from the respective slots in the thickness gauge weigh pieces which pass through the slots (X1, X2, X3.... etc.)

4.2 ELONGATION INDEX 4.2.1 Sieved the sample with sieve mentioned in Table 2. Weighted each of the individual size fractions (WI, W2, W3....) retained on these sieves other than the 50.0 mm sieve. 4.2.2 Gauged each fraction as follows, selected the length gauge appropriate to the single fraction under test and gauge each particle separately by hand. Elongated particles are those whose greatest dimension prevent them from passing through the gauge. Weighed each fraction of which not pass through the gauge (y1, y2, Y3.......etc.)

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies

5.0 FORM AND CALCULATION

6.0 DISCUSSION a.) Determine whether the aggregates tested meets JKR requirement or not? The aggregates tested meets the JKR requirement. The tested Flakiness index is below than 25% and the Elongation index is also lesser than the maximum amount allowed which is 35%, 40% and 45%.

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies

b.) Discuss why flaky and elongated aggregates should not be used in road construction work? Flaky and elongated particles in base coarse and bituminous construction are undesirable because they generate inherent weakness and may break down under heavy loads.

7.0 CONCLUSION Hence, the objective of the test, which was to determine the aggregates sample's flakiness and elongation indices, was achieved. This is because the aggregates' Index Value of Flakiness and Elongation, which is 20.69 percent for the Flakiness Index and 14 percent for the Elongation Index, was calculated after the test.

8.0 APPENDIX

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre for Diploma Studies 9.0 REFERENCES 1. Kejuruteraan Jalan Raya & Trafik, Universiti Tun Hussein ‘Onn Malaysia 2. https://www.engineeringcivil.com/what-is-the-significance-of-flakiness-index-andelongationindex.html#:~:text=Flakiness%20Index%20is%20the%20percentage,fifths%20times% 20its%20mean%20dimension. 3. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-pressreleases/flakiness-index...