Forensic 1 - Prof. Trinh, chapter guides. PDF

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Prof. Trinh, chapter guides....

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NAME: _____________________________ CHAPTER 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Define forensic science. • The application of science to both criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

2. Who is known as “the father of forensic toxicology” and why? • Mathieu Orfila

3. Which of the following people did not make a contribution to forensic toxicology? a. Valentin Ross b. Alphonse Bertillon c. Carl Wilhelm Scheele d. Mathieu Orfila

4. What is Locard’s exchange principle? • Every contact leaves a trace

5. Which unit examines body fluids and organs for drugs and poisons? • Toxicology 6. Describe the criteria for admissibility of scientific evidence as laid out in Frye v. United States. • The evidence in question must be “generally accepted” by the scientific community.

7. What is the main difference between the testimony given by an expert witness and that given by a lay witness? • An expert witness offers opinions based on the fact that they’re an “expert” in the field. 8. List the three basic functions of a forensic scientist. • Proper collection of physical evidence • Analysis of evidence • Expert testimony 9. The judicial case that set forth the current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is Daubert v. Merril Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. 10. In Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the “gatekeeping” role of a trial judge a. was restricted to scientific testimony. b. applied only to cases involving capital crimes. c. was subject to appeal by a higher court. d. applied to all expert testimony....