Forensic Databases revision PDF

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Summary

Including: ideal attributes and current UK databases relevant to forensic science....

Description

Databases Databases provide intelligence and information, link incidents, identify individuals, and advise on the strength of evidence. The ideal attributes of a database are:        

Representative Current and updatable A permanent record Accessible, but secure Good discrimination Cost effective Digitalised They must be useful and used!

Examples: 

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General information databases o Registrar o DVLA o Telephone o Store card o Electoral register Police operational systems o PNC (police national computer) for people and vehicles o Dedicated national systems such as CATCHEM and VISOR o Local intelligence such as MO, HOLMES, and Ad Hoc Forensic Databases o Fingerprints o DNA o Footwear o Firearms o Fibres o Drugs o Etc Reference collections o Fibres o Hair o Wood o Cigarettes o Buttons New technology o Biometrics – iris scanning, lips, ear prints o Number plate reading o Identity chips

Fingerprint databases: NAFIS introduced in 1998 Ident 1 upgraded in 2006 Benefits:     

More identifications – 8000 per month More speed – 100000 per month More accuracy More capacity More communication and links to other systems

Ident 1 is linked to previous technology, PNC, live scan, immigration records, and SCC (serious crime cache).

National DNA Database: Introduced in 1995 and includes, suspects, scenes, intelligence mass screens, and elimination databases. FSS was the custodian for ACPO, but other forensic providers also contribute. Originally from serious offences only, but now from all recordable offences; recent legislation made it easier to take and retain samples.

NABIS: Introduced in April 2008 to replace the NFFID (national firearms forensic intelligence database). It is better because:      

Better tactical intelligence Faster response Better quality More shared information Standardised professional approach Better communication

Footwear: Started in February 2007 there was the national FSS database of manufacturers, scene, and suspect marks. Provides:        

Intelligence Sizing Pattern variation Moulding within size Wear Frequency occurrence Identification Range and rarity

FLINTS: Force Linked Intelligence System! Software to analyse crime trends and patterns of offending. The link people, scenes, vehicles, and crime by using:         

Custody records Command and control logs Crime reports Firearms register Fixed penalties ANPR Family protection database Stop and search information Forensic science and fingerprints...