Forum Portfolio Should KIDS AND Tweens HAVE Phones PDF

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

AKADEMI PENGAJIAN BAHASA

ELC 501 ENGLISH FOR CRITICAL ACADEMIC READING

ASSIGNMENT

:

FORUM PORTFOLIO

TITLE OF FORUM

:

SHOULD KIDS AND TWEENS HAVE PHONE?

SUBMITTED TO: MISS SUSANNA BITHIAH VARMA

GROUP: 1 STUDENT ID 2021111917 2021102419 2021156069 2021166865 2021102001 2021172789

NAME AHMAD MUAZ MUSTAQIM BIN MOHD RAUS NUR ASILAH BINTI ASHA’RI NURKHAIRINA BINTI MAHZANI NORBAIDA SHIHA BINTI ELIAS AIMAN FIKRI BIN AZRAIN SHARIFAH DAYINI BALQIS BINTI SYED AZRI SUBMISSION DUE ON: 8th JULY 2021 (WEEK 13)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 TIMELINE FOR DISCUSSION .......................................................................................... 3 2.0 GROUP OUTLINE ............................................................................................................ 4 3.0 REFERENCES LIST........................................................................................................ 12 4.0 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................... 14

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1.0 TIMELINE FOR DISCUSSION 13th June 2021 (4-4.30 pm) : Delegation of article research duties 20th June 2021 (4-5 pm)

: Sitting together for research for information

27th June 2021 (4-5 pm)

: Sitting together for research for information

27th June 2021 (5-6 pm)

: Discussion of outlining the forum discussion

28th June 2021 (5-6 pm)

: Discussion of counter-arguments and flow of forum discussion

2nd July 2021 (2-4 pm)

: Practice of forum discussion

3rd July 2021 (2-4 pm)

: Final practice of forum discussion

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2.0 GROUP OUTLINE Topic: Should Kids and Tweens Have Cell Phones? I. Introduction A. Background Information: Children’s growth and development is very important because it will determine how they will become in the future. According to a survey about hand phone user made by Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), 33.9% of school going youngest children of the respondent, own a hand phone. The survey found that the lowest age of first ownership of a respondent’s child is 5 and the child also accesses the Internet using his smartphone. By February 2019, 86.3% of people who were below 20 years old already owned a smartphone. However, it has been a hot topic whether providing phones to the children and teens is beneficial or not. B. Main Idea (Thesis Statement): There are pros and cons for kids and tweens to have mobile phones. The pros are that mobile phones can be used for education, communication and safety purposes. In contrast, mobile phones can affect the education of kids and tweens, distract them, and mobile phones have broader internet access as well. II. Body (Supporting Claim: Kids and Tweens Should Have Cell Phones) A. For education purpose. a. Phone can be tool for effective learning for kids and tweens. i.

Nowadays, technology has become a crucial part of our lives and it makes the phone a necessity for everyone including for kids and teenagers. With pandemic COVID-19 situation that we faced right now, education has changed dramatically and most classes are held online such as through Google Meet and the teachers can record their lessons so it will be easy for students to review the lessons at their own pace.

ii.

According to Mr. Rum Tan, director of SmileTutor, a home tuition agency, having recorded lessons during online learning means this resource can be used by students for review and

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revision at any time. He also believes that one of the weaknesses of traditional classroom learning is that students are all by themselves once they get home. Therefore, they have no one to assist them in their learning, so they turn to tutors. iii.

Mr. Rum Tan also said that the key idea here is to provide students with instant access to the learning materials and guidance in the form of pre-recorded lessons. So if a student wants to learn about statistics, for example, he can access the relevant tutorial online and take as long as he needs to ingest it.” By that means, kids will not fall behind in lessons.

iv.

As we can see in this era of globalization, many classes that are held online have been conducted via WhatsApp on the phone as this is one of the platforms most students and families have access to. As kids and teenagers use phones, they effectively prepare

themselves

to

engage

with

future

education

technologies. b. Phones offer kids and tweens the opportunity to have fun in learning through gamification. i.

Gamification is game-based elements into an educational environment such as point scoring and it will help test the students' knowledge and enhance their learning experience. For example, Kahoot apps that allow students to use their phone to play quizzes provided by their teacher. It allows teachers to engage students more quickly and get them excited about learning.

ii.

Mr. David Squires, who teaches English at British Council Singapore, has found that gamification - which has elements of game-playing, like scoring points and competing with others - is very motivating for his students. He also said that quiz-based game platforms give him instant feedback on which questions his student found difficult.

iii.

Gamification helps younger students to concentrate in class and

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make the learning experience more immersive for the students. As the teachers use apps and games to teach a subject, students will learn with curiosity and joy instead of fear. Because of that, kids and tweens should have phones to ensure that they have easy access to games in the class. iv.

This indicates that social media and apps have proven convenient places for teachers to share insights into their classroom practice, while students can quickly show teachers and classmates what they have been working on.

B. For communication purposes. a. Phones can help kids to communicate with other people all around the world. i.

According to the journal “The potential impact of the COVID19 pandemic on child growth and development: a systematic review” , it states that the threat nowadays which is pandemic Covid-19 has threatened children's development and growth process.

ii.

With the school being shut down and the existence of social restriction, children will be struggling to communicate and socialize with people because they mostly didn’t experience being in the outside world and physically socializing and playing with their friends.

iii.

Phones can help the kids develop their communication and social skills with other people by using social media such as Instagram, WhatsApp and many more.

iv.

It can help to boost the children's confidence in confronting other people so that in the future, there won’t be any issue for them in exploring the world.

b. Parents can communicate with their kids despite the tight schedule. i.

According to Dr. Rashmi Prakash who is a psychologist and psychotherapist, working parents who are busy with their career

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tend to spend very less time with their kids. ii.

This might affect the relationship between parents and their child and as the child grows older, the gap may widen.

iii.

Therefore, phones can help parents who are working and focusing on their career to contact their kids by video call, massages and many more.

iv.

Phones also can work as a medium for parents to show that they are not forgetting their child.

v.

By that, the children will not feel as if they are being left out and abandoned by their parents.

C. Phone can be used for safety purpose. a. Kids and tweens can contact their parents when an emergency happens. i.

Children are able to call their parents at any time if there is an emergency.

ii.

A study by GSM Association and NTT DOCOMO’S Mobile Society Research Institute (2011) demonstrates that over 50% of children from Japan, India, Egypt and Paraguay experience using a mobile phone during an emergency. The study found that India has the highest percentage of children leveraging their phones in an emergency with 61.7%. (DOCOMO Report, 2011)

iii.

Parents can program family phone numbers in their children’s phone in order to smoothen the process of calling.

iv.

It will save time, and at the same time, further action can be taken immediately. It is because the children no longer need to search for their parents’ numbers anymore.

b. Parents can easily track the kids’ location i.

Parents can install tracking apps such as Find My Kids and Life360 apps in the device to track their kids using GPS function.

ii.

Kidnapping cases in Malaysia have become more prevalent in recent times.

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iii.

According to The Star article entitled “Nearly 4000 missing children in last two years” which was published on March 24, 2016, Dewan Rakyat was informed that over 4000 minors, or 3,937 children under the age of 18, had been reported missing between 2014 and January 2016. (The Star, 2016)

iv.

By allowing kids to have mobile phones can help minimise abduction cases.

III. Body (Counter Argument: Kids and Tweens Should Not Have Cell Phones) A. Cell phones can affect the kids and tweens education. a. Cell phones affect the performance of student in classroom. i.

According to Kuznekoff and Titsworth (2013). they reported, “students who use their mobile phones during class lectures tend to write down less information and recall less information,

ii.

Students who abstained from using their mobile phones had better intellectual performance, they wrote down 62% more information in their notes and took more detailed notes.

iii.

These researchers discovered that when students send text messages in class, they must switch back and forth between information processing tasks (e.g., sending a text message and listening to the lecture).

iv.

Inside the classroom, students are distracted from the lessons to text, play games and, if they are very daring, call other people. Cell phone ringers, alarms and ringtones disrupt the flow of lessons and the attention of every student in the room and the teacher.

v.

This switch is distracting to students and causes them to pay less attention to the material being taught (Stephens & Pantoja), 2016

b. Cell phones affect the student abilities in critical thinking. i.

According to Tibi (2015), “Smartphones make users lack abilities in critical thinking because by using the Google Search

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engine, users think it is the right information without thinking on their own”. ii.

They also lack problem solving because they only hope information in the search engine to solve their problem in studies.

iii.

The students will only depend on smartphones to do the research and help them in studies.

iv.

They need to think, if there is no internet connection, it can cause problems for them to connect to the search engine.

v.

Peter Frost, a professor of psychology at Southern New Hampshire University, he and his student heard anecdotally on how people felt like to much reliance on smartphone was making them feels stupid.

vi.

If this is not properly anticipated and abandoned, then this will obviously influence their ability to think, consequently can influence their examination results and maybe the students will become more un-interested in their studies

B. Distraction. a. Attention deficit and learning problems. i.

Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder. It refers to problems like paying attention, excess activity or having difficulty controlling behaviour which is not appropriate. This can occur in children and cause them to be fidgety, unable to focus, restless and easily distracted. This change in behaviour can cause problems at school or at home as well.

ii.

Children learn a lot of things before the age of five even toddlers learning perspective is much faster than children. If they are using gadgets their time to communicate with their parents and learning is limited. They need proper time talking with their parents so they can learn new words and how to communicate. They need their parents, not gadgets. Also, exposure of these gadgets is linked to cognitive delays and impaired learning.

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Researchers at the University of Washington reveal that modern gadgets are not necessary in child development. b.

Reduces the children’s ability to focus in class. i.

Concentration could be affected by having phones in the classroom. Instead of focusing on the teacher, students may become distracted by the ringing or the vibrating of the phone or by reading a text message. According to the National School Safety and Security Offices (NSSSO), cell phones have been an increasingly negative disruption in schools

ii.

School disruptions can come in a number of forms. Ringing cell phones can disrupt classes and distract students who should be paying attention to their lessons at hand. Text messages have been used for cheating. And new cell phones with cameras could be used to take photos of exams, take pictures of students changing clothes in gym locker areas, and so on.

C. Broader internet access. a. Interaction with online strangers. i. ii.

Kids are prone to communicate with online strangers. A study conducted by several university representatives, involving children between age 8 to 11 years old, found that they were prone to communicate with strangers and less aware about online stranger danger. It was recorded in this study that children underestimated online stranger risks because the technology mediated this interaction in a way that made them feel safe from physical harm.

iii.

Online strangers capable of doing online sexual solicitation, trolling and cyber-stalking and according to a survey conducted by Kaspersky Lab and the iconKids & Youth agency, 33 percent of kids between age 8 to 10 years old do not inform their parents about incidents on the web.

iv.

Kids and tweens have the power to control what their parents can

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see. b. Cyberstalking. i.

Referred to a person being followed, tracked online, his or her privacy invaded, constantly watched and threatened using internet technology.

ii.

A study by Kanika Panwar found that cyber-stalking has a high impact of threat with moderate likelihood of occurrence.

iii.

The impact of cyberstalking may range from fear, stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, low mood, feeling of helplessness, sleep deprivation, loss of appetite, alienation, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation (Short, 2014).

IV. Conclusion A. Restate Main Idea: We cannot deny how cell phones are really useful for kids these days for education purposes, communication purposes, and safety purposes especially during the pandemic COVID-19. However, parents must also be aware and take into action regarding the cons of letting the kids have cell phones such as low performance and low critical thinking, distraction and the broader internet access. B. Solutions: Cell phones should be made available during study time, while the rest of their time should be real world experience and not virtual world. Every problem has its own solution. For example, if we are concerned that kids will have a distraction problem, we can limit the time and usage for them to play with their phones. What we can do is to find a solution and solve the problem, not 100% banning them from using phones

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3.0 REFERENCES LIST Main Article

Vincent Janneli, M. (2020, December 14). Should Kids and Tweens Have Cell Phones. Retrieved from verywellfamily: https://www.verywellfamily.com/kids-and-cellphones-2633996 Other Articles

Children's Use of Mobile Phones - An International Comparison 2011. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/Childrensuseofmobilephones2011.pdf Ghalib, M. (2017, July 07). Pupils Cannot Take Cell Phones to School. Retrieved from academia: https://www.academia.edu/37201701/Pupils_Cannot_Take_Cell_Phones_to_School J), J. P. (2020, September 23). The Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on CHild Growth and Development: A Systematic Review. Retrieved from PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7510529/ Karla Badillo-Urquiola, D. S. (2019, June 12-15). "Stranger Danger!" Social Media App Features Co-designed with Children to Keep Them Safe Online. Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311927.3323133 Lee, V. (2020, July 04). Home-based Learning: What have We Learnt from the Great HBL Experiment? Retrieved from TheStraitsTimes: https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/home-based-learning-what-have-we-learntfrom-the-great-hbl-experiment Morris, P. (2020, April 28). Mobile Phones in the Classroom: Policies and Potential Pedagogy. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1251768.pdf Panwar, K. (2020, April). Internet Use amon tweens and Teens: Threats, Risks and Concerns. Retrieved from http://app.insoso.org/ISS_journal/Repository/5_Kanika_Panwar.pdf Rahim, R. (2016, March 24). Nearly 4,000 Malaysian Went Missing in 2014 and 2015. Retrieved from TheStar: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/03/24/nearly4k-missing-children-in-last-two-years/

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Selwyn, N. (2020, October 26). How Creative Use of Technology May Have Helped Save Schooling during the Pandemic. Retrieved from TheConversation: https://theconversation.com/how-creative-use-of-technology-may-have-helped-saveschooling-during-the-pandemic-146488 Soh, T. N. (2017). The Impact of Smartphone in Education. Retrieved from https://researchhub.uitm.edu.my/pdf/365.pdf Staff, K. (2016, April 06). One in Two Children Hide Risky Online Behavior from Parents Kaspersky Lab Research. Retrieved from Kaspersky: https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2016_one-in-two-children-hiderisky-online-behavior-from-parents--kaspersky-lab-research Staff, N. H. (2018). Concerns About Getting Cell Phones for Kids and Teens. Retrieved from StaySafe.org: https://staysafe.org/concerns-about-getting-cell-phones-for-kids-andteens/ The

Impact of Using Gadgets on Children. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.longdom.org/open-access/the-impact-of-using-gadgets-on-children2167-1044-1000296.pdf

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4.0 APPENDIX

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3311927.3323133

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https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2016_one-in-two-children-hide-risky-onlinebehavior-from-parents--kaspersky-lab-research

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http://app.insoso.org/ISS_journal/Repository/5_Kanika_Panwar.pdf

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https://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/Childrensuseofmobilephones2011.p df

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https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/03/24/nearly-4k-missing-children-in-last-two-years/

https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/home-based-learning-what-have-we-learnt-from-the-great-hblexperiment