Frames of reference PDF

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Occupational therapy frames of references...

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Theoretical frames of reference:  

Frame: A supporting structure, composed of interconnecting parts Reference: A source of help, information or guidance

Therefore, a frame of reference is a supporting structure, that provides help, information and guidance for our practice Theory cannot be directly applied. … In occupational therapy, the structure used to transform theory into applicable information – to link theory to practice – is called a frame of reference …” (Mosey, 1981). “The function of a theory is to predict; the function of a frame of reference is to guide action”. (Kielhofner, 1992)

Key elements of a frame of reference:  A statement of the theoretical base - Compatible concepts from both inside and outside OT  Delineation of function-dysfunction continua  A listing of behaviours indicative of function and dysfunction  Postulates regarding change and motivation.  Guidelines for assessment/evaluation and intervention

OT models

Frames of reference

 A common language between occupational therapists – not shared, typically, with other disciplines.  Focus on breadth of description:  Always addresses person, environment and occupation, or equivalent concepts.  Basic details can be drawn on a single page  

 A way of looking at and explaining an issue that can be shared by all disciplines 

Focus on depth and detail of description:  Selects one or two aspects of the person, environment and/or context to explore more fully.  Much more detail than can be properly explained in a drawing 

Usually applicable with many diagnoses & settings You should only use one OT model, with a single client, at a time.

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Often used for specific diagnoses and/or settings

Simultaneous use of several frames of reference with the same client is very common.

Different perspectives on the same issue are common How Models and Frames of Reference Inter-Relate: Some Examples from CMOP-E Client is recovering from a fracture: Problems arise particularly from: Physical aspects of the person (e.g. sensation, suppleness, stamina, strength) Physical aspects of the task environment (e.g. gravity, weight, rigidity) To work out the best interventions to meet his needs, we need to draw on theory/knowledge from: Biology (anatomy, physiology) Physics and engineering (mechanics) Most common choice of frame of reference: biomechanical (McMillan, 2011).

Client is in palliative care:

Her problems arise particularly from: Affective aspects of the person (e.g. low mood, anxiety) Spiritual aspects of the person (e.g. sense of meaning, beliefs, hope) To work out the best interventions to meet her needs, we need to draw on: Psychology Theories of religion and/or spirituality Possible choice of frame of reference: Psycho-Spiritual Integration (Kang, 2003) Client is depressed: His problems arise particularly from: Affective aspects of the person (e.g. low mood) Cognitive aspects of the person (e.g. thought patterns) To work out the best interventions to meet his needs, we need to draw on relevant theory from psychology Possible choices of frame of reference include: Cognitive-behavioural (Duncan, 2011) Humanistic/client-centred (Parker, 2011) Psychodynamic (Daniel & Blair, 2011) Psycho-Social Rehabilitation (Anderson, 1997) Some other common choices: Significant issues with all performance components (physical, cognitive and affective) – developmental Problems primarily relating to the environment’s impact on performance, participation, etc, and/or aspects of the person where there is little likelihood for significant improvement (at least in the shortterm): Compensatory Rehabilitative (Seidel, 2003)...