GEE2-Module-1 Sex-and-Gender PDF

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 11-February-2021 Study Guide in Gender and Society

Module No.1

1 STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___

CHAPTER I: Differentiating sex and gender A. The concept of sex and gender MODULE OVERVIEW

Most of us have been raised with pretty simplistic ideas about sex and gender that there are two sexes, male and female, and that they align with two genders, man and woman. But with the increased visibility of transgender, gender non-conforming, and nonbinary folks, many people are beginning to understand that the categories of sex and gender are far more complicated. In this module, we’ll break down the difference between sex and gender to give you a better idea of what each of these terms really mean. MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Differentiate gender from sexuality 2. Identify the differences between sex and gender LEARNING CONTENTS What exactly is sex? Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity. Society typically tells us that there are two sexes: male and female. You may also be familiar with the fact that some people are intersex, or have a difference of sexual development (DSD).DSD is used to describe chromosomes, anatomy, or sex characteristics that can’t be categorized as exclusively male or female. As with names and pronouns, it’s important to refer to people in the manner that they prefer. Some people are comfortable with the term “intersex” and use it to describe themselves. Others have moved away from using this term and refer to their condition as a DSD. How can you determine your sex? Genitalia Some believe genitals determine sex, with males having penises and females having vaginas. However, this definition excludes some people with a DSD. It can also invalidate Trans people who are non-operative those who don’t want to have bottom surgery or preoperative. For example, a transgender man a person who was assigned female at birth and identifies as a man may have a vagina but still identify as male. Chromosomes We’re typically taught that people with XX chromosomes are female and people with XY PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 11-February-2021 Study Guide in Gender and Society

Module No.1

chromosomes are male. This excludes folks with a DSD who may have different chromosomal configurations or other differences in sexual development. It also doesn’t account for the fact that Tran’s people often have chromosomes that don’t “match” their sex. A transgender woman, for example, can be female but still have XY chromosomes. Primary sex characteristics We tend to associate a predominance of estrogen with females and a predominance of testosterone with males. It’s important to understand that every person has both of these hormones. In fact, estradiol, the predominant form of estrogen, is critical to sexual function Trusted Source for people who were assigned male at birth. Estradiol plays a significant role in sexual arousal, sperm production, and erectile function. Although hormone replacement therapy is an option for Trans and gender non-conforming people, a Tran’s man who isn’t on hormones, for example, isn’t any less male than one who is. Secondary sex characteristics Many secondary sex characteristics are easily identifiable. This includes facial hair, breast tissue, and vocal range. Because of this, they’re often used to make quick assessments about sex. But secondary sex characteristics vary greatly; regardless of whether someone identifies with the sex they were assigned at birth. Take facial hair, for example. Some people who were assigned female at birth may go on to develop facial hair, and some who were assigned male at birth may not grow any at all. What is gender? Gender is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with being male or female. Gender identity is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine. Society has traditionally taught us that there are two genders: man and woman. We’re told that those who are assigned male at birth are men and those who are assigned female at birth are women. But gender isn’t an either/or scenario. It’s a spectrum. Although a majority of people in our society do identify as men or women, there’s a wide range of possibilities between and beyond the two. Some people identify as no binary, an umbrella term for people whose gender identities don’t align with the man-woman binary. Others identify as big ender, meaning they identify as both men and women at varying points, or gender, meaning they don’t identify with any gender. What’s the difference between gender and sex? A person’s sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. Therefore, the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable. A baby boy who is born with male genitalia will be identified as male. As he grows, however, he may identify with the feminine aspects of his culture. Since the term sex refers to biological or physical distinctions, characteristics of sex will not vary significantly between different human societies. For example, all persons of the female sex, in general, regardless of culture, will eventually menstruate and develop breasts that can lactate. Characteristics of gender, on PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 11-February-2021 Study Guide in Gender and Society

Module No.1

the other hand, may vary greatly between different societies. For example, in American culture, it is considered feminine (or a trait of the female gender) to wear a dress or skirt. However, in many Middle Eastern, Asian, and African cultures, dresses or skirts (often referred to as sarongs, robes, or gowns) can be considered masculine. The kilt worn by a Scottish male does not make him appear feminine in his culture...

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LEARNING SEXACTIVITY

GENDER

Primarily refers to physical attributes-body Is the composite of attitudes and behavior of characteristics notably sex organ which are men and women (masculinity and femininity) distinct in majority of individuals.

Is biologically determined – by genes and hormones media; thus it

Is learned and perpetuated primarily through: the family, education, religion (where dominant) and is an acquired identity

Is relatively fixed/constant through time and Because it is socialized, it may be variable across cultures through time and across cultures.

1 (Excellent)

2 (Fair)

3 (Poor)

Excellent creativity Fair amount of Little or no creativity Creativity and and originality, has creativity and and originality is originality displayed, originality Write a short essay a appropriate levels of events you recall from yourdisplayed. childhood that within the outline. reflected or reinforced Little or no Understands basic mastery ocialization. of Understanding of Excellent understanding of concepts of the subject matter is subject matter, but in subject matter clearly presented. subject matter displayed. May or depth analysis may may not have read or be lacking or not understood material. clearly presented. Information used Information used Information used Relevance within the video has within the video has within the video are little or no relevance moderate relevance highly relevant to the Rubric: to the points to the points points discussed and/ discussed and/ or the discussed and/ or the or the topic. topic topic.

ESSAY PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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SUMMARY Gender refers to the widely shared set of expectations and norms linked to how women and men, and girls and boys, should behave. Unlike 'sex' which refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that are assigned to men and women in any given society. These expectations are not fixed but are continually being constructed and reinforced through social relationships and economic and political power dynamics.

REFERENCES Rodriguez A., & Rodriguez, A., Gender and Society, C & E Publishing Inc., 2018

https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology/pages/12-1-the-difference-between-sexand-gender http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexuality-and-social-justice-toolkit/1-issues-and-debates/whatlink-between-sexuality-and-gender https://doh.gov.ph/node/1378 https://www.healthline.com/health/sex-vs-gender#gender-expression

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