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Physical ScienceQuarter 2 – Module 5How Galileo Inferred thatObjects in Vacuum Fall inUniform AccelerationPhysical Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall with Uniform Acceleration First Edition 2020Republic Act 8293, Section 176 state...

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Physical Science Quarter 2 – Module 5 How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall in Uniform Acceleration

Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 5: How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall with Uniform Acceleration First Edition 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that “no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.” Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Marivic G. Catindig Editors: Priscilla D. Domino, Felipa A. Morada Reviewer: Rogelio D. Canuel, Elmer C. Bobis, Felipa A. Morada Illustrator: John Albert Rico Layout Artist: Elsie R. Reyes Pamela A. Lalusin, Mary Grace L. Asa Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator Homer N. Mendoza, Schools Division Superintendent Catherine V. Maranan, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Lorna R. Medrano, CID Chief Edita T. Olan, EPS In-charge of LRMS Editha M. Malihan, EPS Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – RegionIV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Telefax: E-mail Address:

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Physical Science Quarter 2 – Module 5 How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum fall with Uniform Acceleration

Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Physical Science 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum fall with Uniform Acceleration! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner: Welcome to the Physical Science 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall with Uniform Acceleration ! The hand is one of the most symbolic parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More

This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

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What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master how Galileo inferred that object in vacuum fall with uniform acceleration and that force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the varied vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the views of motion of Aristotle and Galileo; 2. explain how Galileo inferred that object in vacuum fall with uniform acceleration; 3. compare and contrast the view of motion of Aristotle and Galileo.

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What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Who proved that all falling objects fall with uniform acceleration? a. b. c. d.

Newton Aristotle Galileo Plato

2. It causes the object in vacuum fall at the same time a. b. c. d.

due to air resistance due to no air resistance due to air in space due to mass of object

3. He proved that heavier object falls faster than lighter object. a. b. c. d.

Newton Aristotle Galileo Plato

4. He is well known in his experimentation of dropping a cannon ball in the Leaning Pisa Tower a. Newton b. Aristotle c. Galileo d. Plato 5. According to Aristotle, which falls, faster heavier or lighter object ? a. b. c. d.

heavier object lighter object fall at the same time no data at all

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6. What is the focus of Aristotle and Galileo's ideas ? . a. b. c. d.

views motion history knowledge

7. He is the father of modern science and a mathematician. a. Newton b. Aristotle c. Galileo d. Plato 8. It is defined as the ability of an object to change its position with a given time. a. b. c. d.

inertia reference free-fall motion

9. In measuring the motion, it is always observed. a. b. c. d.

Point of ideas point of view point of reference point of end

10. It refers to the change in velocity with time. a. b. c. d.

free- fall speed acceleration momentum

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11. A rolling ball was found to pick up a speed of 2m/s every second .What will be its speed after 5 s if it is started with 0m/s at 0s? a. b. c. d.

25m/s 8m/s 10m/s 15m/s

12. What is the symbol applied for free- fall acceleration? a. b. c. d.

k m s g

13. These are the ideas of Galileo about motion. Select all that apply. a. b. c. d.

objects in vacuum fall in uniform acceleration force is not required for violent motion heavier object falls faster than lighter object heavier and lighter objects fall at the same time provided that there is no air resistance.

14. What is Galileo 's concept of falling objects in his experimentation? a. object falling with changing acceleration b. object falling with changing direction c. object falling with uniform acceleration d. object falling with changing speed 15. Three objects X, Y, and Z, with masses of 6 kg, 8 kg, and 16 kg respectively, were dropped simultaneously .Provided that there is no air resistance which object will first reach the ground? a. b. c. d.

object X object Y object Z object X,Y, and Z will fall at the same time

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Lesson

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How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum fall with Uniform Acceleration

Motion is defined as the ability of an object to change its position with respect to its surroundings in given time. Motion is always observed and measured with a point of reference. All living things show motion whereas non-living things show motion only when force acts on it. These are the terms associated with motion. First, Free fall, which is an example of motion with uniform acceleration. Second is acceleration which means the change in velocity with a given time. Third is speed which is the distance travelled of an object in a specific amount of time.

What’s In

To get started, you have to choose the terms related to motion from the WORD POOL below. List down these words on the table and write what you know about each of them.

Object Infer

vacuum gravity

free fall

acceleration bodies energy role

air resistance

Term

speed velocity view ideas

What I Know About It?

Notes to the Teacher Ask learners to name different types of motion and write them on the board.

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What’s New

Activity 1.1 The pictures below show a pig and a mouse were dropped from the same point in the sky, at the same time, which one would reach the ground first without air resistance?

Guide Questions: 1. Which falls first, the heavier or lighter object? Defend your answer. 2. What is the role of air resistance here? 3. What is the impact of this activity to you?

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What is It

I. Aristotle's View of Motion 

Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher who thought that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones.



Force would be needed to have a constant velocity according to Aristotle. Force is required for violent but not natural motion.

II. Galileo's View of Motion 

Italian Mathematician .Father of modern Science



Discredited Aristotelian view of motion



Object in vacuum will fall at the same time because in a vacuum there is nothing. Since there is no air or anything in space, objects that are heavy or light, will fall at the same time.



Force is not necessarily required for violent motion. Force is not required for object moving at constant velocity.

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Galileo's Experimentation to prove his Ideas about motion  Experiment I 

Galileo dropped two different weights of cannon ball to the Leaning Tower of Pisa and they fell at the same time but could not measure the distance travelled therefore he proceeded to another experimentation.

 Experiment II 

Galileo used the inclined ramp in order to measure the acceleration of an object. He used a rolling ball to measure the changes. He measured that objects accelerates at the same time regardless of their size and mass.



Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time taken to travel the distance



A ball rolling down an inclined plane increases its speed by the same value after every second

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T-1 X-1 T-2 X-3

T -3 X -5

T-4 X-7

T Time X Distance



The speed of a rolling ball was found to increase by 2 m/s every second. This means that the rolling ball would have the following speeds for every given second. TIME

SPEED m/s

0

0

1

2

2

4

3

6

4

8

5

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 Free Fall and Gravity 

Freely falling bodies undergo constant acceleration in which it is referred to as free fall. The free fall acceleration represent a symbol g which means gravity.

 

At the surface of the earth, gravity (g) is approximately 9.8 m/s2.

 

Gravity leads the object to accelerate in a constant rate.

Horizontal Motion View of Aristotle



Natural state of object at rest

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

View of Galileo 

Imagined motion will continue without friction

Horizontal versus Vertical Motion Horizontal :

constant in value which represent by x axis

 rolling balls  inertia  leaning tower of Pisa

Vertical:  

changing value which represent by y axis

free fall Aristotle versus Galileo

What’s More

Activity 1.2 Table Summary Summarize your understanding about the different terms/names given on the table.Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. Terms

Description

Motion Aristotle Galileo Air resistance Acceleration Free-fall Speed

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What I Have Learned

Activity 1.3 Construct a Venn Diagram Point out the similarities and differences between Aristotle 's view of motion and Galileo's view of motion by using a Venn diagram on a separate sheet of paper.

Aristotle's views of motion

Galileo's views of motion

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What I Can Do

Activity 1.4 Create a Rap song Now that you have the knowledge about the views of motion of Aristotle and Galileo, create a rap song based on that.

Activity 1.5 Try it This activity depends on the availability of materials at home. Get a basketball ball and ping pong ball. Hold the balls on your hand, at the height level of your shoulder, then simultaneously drop the ball. Observe what happens.

Guide Questions: 1. Which ball reached the ground first? Defend your answer. 2. What can you say about Galileo's view of motion? 3. What is the impact of this activity to you?

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Assessment

Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write True if the statement is correct. If it is not, provide the right term that made the statement false. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. _____1. All living things show motion whereas non- living things show motion only when force acts on them. _____2.Galileo inferred that objects in vacuum fall with constant acceleration. _____3. Aristotle had the idea that heavier object fall faster than lighter object s. _____4. In Galileo's experimentation using two different weights of ball dropping in the leaning Pisa tower, he proves that heavier and lighter object fall at the same time provided that there is no air resistance. He also measures the acceleration. _____5. Freely falling bodies undergo constant acceleration. _____6. Motion is constantly changing. _____7. Galileo used an inclined ramp in order to measure acceleration. _____8. When the object, is changing position with respect to its surrounding with a given time it is called motion. _____9. In measuring motion, point of reference is considered. _____10. According to Aristotle, free- fall undergoes constant acceleration. _____11. The gravity of earth surface is 9.8m/s ². _____12. A ball rolling down in an inclined plane increases its speed by different value after every second. _____13. Aristotle believed that objects fall at a speed which is proportional to their weight. _____14. The role of air resistance in falling heavier and lighter objects is to slow down the lighter one. _____15. Rolling ball is an example of vertical motion.

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Additional Activities

Activity 1.6 As a 21ST century learner, what would be the impact to you of this learning? On a separate sheet of paper, create a checklist of things that would be beneficial to you from this learning.

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15 What’s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What's More Answers may vary.

What I Have Learned Aristotle's view of motion heavier object objects falls faster than the lighter ones Galileo's view of motion heavier and lighter object fall at the same time Aristotle and Galileo's recognized force in their view of motion

In speed velocity acceleration free fall air resistance

Assessment 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. cannot measure the acceleration 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. Galileo 11. True 12. same 13. True 14. True 15. horizontal

What’s New 1. heavier and lighter objects fall at the same time provided there is no air resistance 2.

air resistance makes the lighter objects fall delayed

3.

answers may vary

What I Can Do Answers may vary. 1. heavier and lighter balls fall at the same time provided there is no air resistance 2. Answers may vary. 3. Answers may vary.

Additional Activities Answers may vary.

Answer Key

What I Know 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A B D 14. C 15. D

Rubrics for grading Activity 1.4

5

4

3

2

Content

Content was always accurate to lesson learn...