Gross anatomy of male reproductive system PDF

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Gross anatomy of male reproductive system including its function...

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Monday, October 26, 2020

Phase2: Reproductive, Neurology, Urology Gross anatomy week 6! Describe the gross anatomy of the testis and accessory structures • testes and epididymis are paired structure—located within the scrotum! • Testes—(def.) the site of sperm production and hormone synthesis! • cremaster muscle! • Epididymis—(def.) sperm storage! • Scrotum:! • its wall composed of skin, darts muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia! Describe the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall!

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Monday, October 26, 2020

Understand how weaknesses in the anterior abdominal wall may lead to herniation! •

abdominal wall is composed of muscles and tissues which provides strength to abdominal wall—when there’s an opening in the abdominal wall, it allows what is inside to push outward and cause hernia!

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e.g umbilical hernia, inguinal hernia, femoral hernia!

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inguinal hernia—tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the penis travel from inside to the outside of the abdominal cavity! •

most common form of hernia!

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refers to when bowel or fatty tissue protrudes into the groin!

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cause pain and swelling in the scrotum and testicles!

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In cases of inguinal hernia, a loop of intestine protrudes through a hole in the abdominal wall into the inguinal canal, which contains the spermatic cord. While a male fetus is in the womb, the testes are formed in the abdomen and before birth, they descend into the scrotum via the inguinal canal. The weakness that occurs in the abdominal wall may be present at birth or may develop later on in life.!

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An indirect inguinal hernia is one that occurs as a congenital lesion. It occurs as a result of the deep inguinal ring failing to close during embryogenesis after a testicle has moved through it. Once bowel or other abdominal tissue moves into and enlarges the empty space, a visible bulge forms and the hernia becomes clinically evident.!

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Direct hernias are acquired rather than congenital and usually occur in people aged 25 or older. This hernia occurs due to degeneration and fatty changes in the inguinal floor or posterior wall in an area called the Hesselbach triangle. The majority of direct hernias do not have a true peritoneal lining and do not contain intestine; they mainly contain preperitoneal fat and occasionally bladder. A long-standing direct hernia that has become large may extend into the scrotum and may also contain abdominal content or intestine.!

Monday, October 26, 2020

Describe the inguinal region and the inguinal canal! •

inguinal canal—(def.) a short passage that extends inferiorly and medially through the inferior part of the abdominal wall. It is superior and parallel to the inguinal ligament!

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canal allows any structures to pass from the abdominal wall to external genitalia —it is clinical importance as a potential weakness in the abdominal wall, which makes the common site of hernia!

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development of the inguinal canal:! •

during the development, the tissue that will become gonads establish in posterior abdominal wall and descend through the abdominal cavity. A fibrous cord os tissue called gibernaculum guides them during their descent. !

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The inguinal canal is the pathway by which the testes leave the abdominal cavity and enter scrotum. In the embryological stage, the canal flanked by an out-pocketing of the peritoneum and the abdominal musculature. the processes vaginalis normally degenerates but the failure can cause indirect inguinal hernia (hydrocele) or interfere with the

descent of the testes. ! • 3

Contents:!

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spermatic cord (males only)—contains neuromuscular and reproductive structures that supply and drain the testes!

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round ligament (females only)—originates from the uterine horn and travels through the inguinal canal to attach at the labia major!

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illioinguinal nerve—contributes toward the sensory innervation of the genitalia—most at risk of damage during an inguinal hernia repair!

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genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve—supplies cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin in males, and the skin of the pubis and labia major in females!

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Describe the coverings of the spermatic cord! •

Spermatic cord—(Def.) a collection of vessels, nerves, and ducts that run to and from the testes. They are surrounded by fascia, forming a cord-liens structure. !

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begin in the inferior abdomen and ending in the scrotum.!

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the cord is formed at the opening of the inguinal canal (deep inguinal ring). The opening is located laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels. !

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the cord passes through the inguinal canal, entering the scrotum via superficial inguinal ring. It continues into the scrotum, ending at the posterior border of the testes. !

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Fascial coverings:! •

(1) External Spermatic Fascia—derived from deep subcutaneous fascia!

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(2) Cremaster Muscle and fascia—derived from internal oblique muscle and its fascial coverings!

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(3) Internal spermatic fascia—derived from the transversals fascia!

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these 3 fascial layers are covered by layer of superficial, which lies below the scrotal skin!...