Hapia - Module 3 - Key Content Summary PDF

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ANAT SC 1102 HAPIA

Key Content Summary

ANAT SC 1102 Human Anatomy and Physiology 1A Key Content Summary: Module 3 Module 3: Bone, Joint and Muscles

Be able to understand, use, and make reference to anatomical terminology: - Superior - Inferior - Anterior (Ventral) - Posterior (Dorsal) - Medial - Lateral - Ipsilateral - Contralateral - Proximal - Distal Be able to identify which anatomical planes are used to create anatomical sections - Transverse (Horizontal) - Frontal (Coronal) - Sagittal - Mid-Sagittal - Para-Sagittal

Be able to describe the following: - Axial Body and/or Skeleton - Appendicular Body and/or Skeleton - The 6 functions of the skeleton o Protection o Support o Movement o Mineral storage o Blood cell production o Energy storage - Organic vs Inorganic bone materials - Red marrow vs Yellow marrow - The 5 basic bone types (based on shape) o Know one or two examples of each - The Gross Anatomy of the long bone o Epiphysis o Metaphysis o Diaphysis o Medullary Cavity/Canal o Articular Cartilage

ANAT SC 1102 HAPIA

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Key Content Summary

o Periosteum & Endosteum Compact vs Spongy Bone (Function and Apperance) Haversian Systems o Haversian (central) canal o Concentric Lamellae o Interstitial Lamellae o Lacunae o Canaliculi o Volkmann’s Canal The 4 Bone cells (Development, Function, Location) o Osteoprogenitor o Osteoblast o Osteocyte o Osteoclast The 3 Types of cartilage (Appearance, Location, Function) o Hyaline (articular) cartilage o Fibrocartilage o Elastic cartilage

Be able to describe the steps during the process of bone formation (Ossification) - Intramembranous Ossification - Endochondral Ossification Be able to compare between the location and outcome of bone (or cartilage) growth - Interstitial Growth - Appositional Growth Understand the process of Bone Remodeling and factors that affect it - Function of Osteoclast & Osteoblast - Fracture Repair (steps) Be able to classify a joint based on its functional classification & structural class - Function Classification o Immobile o Partly Mobile o Free Mobile - Structural Classification o Bony o Fibrous o Cartilaginous o Synovial Be able to draw and describe the features of a synovial joint - Bone ends with articular cartilage - Joint cavity with synovial fluid - Synovial membrane & Joint Capsule - External Ligaments, Tendon, Vessels

ANAT SC 1102 HAPIA

Key Content Summary

Appreciate the 6 types of Synovial Joints with a focus on ball and socket - Ball and Socket - Hinge - Plane - Saddle - Condylar - Pivot Compare and contrast between structure and functional outcome of the Shoulder and Hip joint Muscles: Be able to describe the following: - Muscle Attachments o Origin vs Insertion - Movements at synovial joints o Flexion and Extension o Abduction and Adduction o Circumduction o Lateral and Medial Rotation o Supination and Pronation - Compare between the function of a o Agonist Muscle o Antagonist Muscle o Synergist Muscle o Fixator Muscle - The Key Characteristics of muscles o Extensible o Elastic o Contractile o Excitable - The 6 Key Functions of muscles o Motion o Stabilization o Regulation of volume o Support of tissue o Body Temperature Maintenance o Nutrient Storage - The 3 Muscle types (Structure and Function) o Skeletal Muscle  Fascicles  Endomysium  Perimysium  Epimysium  Tendon o Cardiac Muscle

ANAT SC 1102 HAPIA

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Key Content Summary

 Branched  Autorhymic  Intercalated discs o Smooth Muscle  Single cell  Visceral Tissue vs Multiunit Tissue The anatomy of the muscle cells (features and functions) – know which features are unique to each type of muscle cell (Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth) o Sarcolemma & Sarcoplasm o Mitochondria o Glycogen o Myoglobin o Transverse T Tubules o Sarcoplasmic Reticulum o Intercalated Discs o Long and multinucleated o Short and single nuclei o Branched and single nuclei Describe muscle contraction o Actin & Myosin o Sarcomeres...