HBSE2 - interim professor PDF

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1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 1. psychological 2. safety 3. love/belonging 4. esteem 5. self-actualization 2. multidimensional framework consists of biochemical systems, cell systems, organ systems, and physiological systems. helps in the assessment of an individual’s physical growth and development. functioning of system refers to balanced exchange of energy among its biophysical components. seeks to identify and explain relationship between biological and physiological mechanisms that influence human behavior 3. components of psychological theoretical formulations psychodynamic components: difficulties with trust or having to depend on others, difficulties with control, difficulties with self esteem, and difficulties with relationships cognitive components: autonomic dysfunctional thoughts, negative core beliefs, and cognitive distortions behavioral components: is there behavioral reinforcement of a maladaptive behavior? is there something that extinguishes a desired behavior? is there a paired association between a behavior and an environmental cue that initiates the behavior? 4. applying multidimensional framework social worker makes an assessment of all aspects of the person’s life and experience hypotheses from biophysical, psychological, and social dimensions 5. models for assessing social functioning groups and families: role systems and subsystems, family boundaries, and groups the client interacts with. family’s pattern of communication. family’s roles communities and support systems: communities of which the client is a member. support systems available. institutional contributions to client’s problem. organizational contributions. organizations and social institutions. multicultural, gender, and spiritual considerations social strengths, hazards, and risk factors 6. stress and coping

general adaptation syndrome: alarm stage of fight or flight, resistance stage of breakdown of defenses, and exhaustion stage of capacity to resist is depleted stress sources are a person’s position in the social structure, characteristics of the physical environment, and/or life changes 7. lifespan perspective possibilities for change contract over time  8. life course perspective uses trajectory to understand environmental paths or social paths followed by people in key social domains in life. also interested in understanding causes of life destinations or outcomes. focuses on understanding patterns in life 9. biological theories evolution ethological: to characterize behavior patterns in different species social ethology: recognizes that most human activity takes place in social groups and the social groups are influenced by structures that provide opportunities for some type of behavior Bowlby’s attachment theory: suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others – child has innate need to attach to one main attachment; child should receive the continuous care of this single figure for about first 2 years of life; long-term deprivation may be delinquency, reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression, or affectionless psychopathy; short-term separation is protest, despair, detachment; attachment leads to development of an internal working model 10. biophysical growth and development growth, hyperplasia, development, cells 11. genetic and environmental effects on behavior nature vs nurture two methods including twin study and adoption study social workers must understand the different types of genetic disorders in order to make effective referrals and dispel clients’ misconceptions 12. autonomic nervous system controls human stress response and is made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic 13. biochemical in nervous system proteins, amino acids, and enzymes

14. health disparities debate on role of race in biomedical research cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory 15. psychodynamic theory all human behavior is driven by the libido the aggressive drive is associated with the need of all living animals to consume he materials of their life 16. defense mechanisms psychotic: projection and distortion immature: denial, splitting, acting out, somatization, passive-aggression, and undoing neurotic: repression, intellectualization, reaction formation, and displacement mature: sublimation, anticipation, humor, and altruism 17. components of personality id: the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes manifest ego: the part of the mind that meditates between the conscious and the unconscious and is responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity superego: the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers 18. person-in-environment system provides social workers with a common classification about client problems and uses the factors of social-role problems, environmental problems, mental disorders, and physical disorders 19. behavior consequences reinforcement: anything that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of the behavior punishment: anything that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood of behavior negative reinforcement: a behavior increases because it is followed by the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus extinction: a conditioned response that was previously reinforced stops producing positive consequences 20. structural approach to cognition by Piaget

study of the relationship between development and learning – believed that there are inborn processes in humans that play a fundamental role in understanding reality schemata: unit of information that an individual possesses adaptation: the individual’s relation to the external world and the ability to change or adapt to that world accommodation: adjustment to changing environments or circumstances assimilation: process of acquiring social and psychological characteristics of a group organization: the tendency for all members of a species to systematize their processes into coherent systems 21. approaches to assessing human behavior medical: directed toward treatment of identified diseases and disorders psychodynamic: based on Freud and includes theoretical modifications in analytical tradition learning: assumes that people learn adaptive and maladaptive functioning social group, community, institutional, and organizational: focus on how the structure and function of social relationships contribute to problems in human behavior strengths: the professional does not act as an expert with clients and the focus is less on ends and more on cooperative means 22. define social work promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberations of people to enhance well-being. utilizing theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the point where people interact with their environments 23. biophysical dimensions prenatal growth and development, client’s history of attaining developmental milestones, client’s general health status, and biophysical strengths, hazards, and risk factors 24. developmental approaches of Freud, Erikson, and Piaget Freud’s psychosexual: 1. oral stage (0-18months) pleasure centers on the mouth 2. anal stage (18-36months) pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

3. phallic stage (3-6years) genitals are pleasure zones; adjustment in coping with incestuous feelings of Oedipal/Electra complexes 4. latency (6years-puberty) dormant sexual feelings and same sex play 5. genital (puberty-on) maturation of sexual interests Erikson’s : 1. trust vs mistrust (birth-1year) sense of trust or security – derived from affection and gratification of needs 2. autonomy vs shame/doubt (1-3years) sense of autonomy – child viewing themselves as individual in their own right, apart from parents, although dependent 3. initiative vs guilt (3-5years) sense of initiative – period of vigorous reality testing, imagination, and imitation of adult behavior 4. industry vs autonomy (6-11years) sense of duty and accomplishment – laying aside of fantasy and play undertaking real tasks, developing academic and social competence 5. identity vs role confusion (12-18years) sense of identity – clarification in adolescence of who one is and what one’s role is 6. intimacy vs isolation (19-35years) sense of intimacy – ability to establish close personal relationships with members of both sexes 7. generativity vs stagnation (35-50years) parental sense – productivity and creativity for others and self 8. integrity vs despair (50years-death) sense of integrity – acceptance of the dominant ideals of one’s culture, sense of continuity of past, present, and future and the meaningfulness of life Piaget’s cognitive: 1. sensorimotor (birth-2years) experiencing the world through senses and actions 2. preoperational (2-6years) using words and images; lacking logical reasoning 3. concrete operational (7-11years) logical thinking about concrete events; concrete analogies and arithmetic operations 4. formal operational (12years-adult) abstract reasoning and potential for moral reasoning...