HIS-144-T2.Darwinismand American Society Worksheet Online 2 completed #2 PDF

Preview

Summary

work sheet...

Description

Name: Deborah Lane___________________________ HIS-144: Darwinism and American Society Directions: Respond to the four prompts below. The overall assignment must include three to five relevant scholarly sources in support of your content. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. Wikipedia, Ask.com, ehow.com and other online information sites, encyclopedias, or dictionaries are not considered university academic sources and are NOT TO BE USED. 1. Briefly explain how each of the following contributed or detracted to the Social Darwinism or eugenics movement in America: (20-30 words each) Count Arthur de Gobineau: Gobineau predicted the decay of not only the Western civilization, but of all human kind. He also wrote a book called Essai sur I’inegalite’des races humaines (4 vols, Paris, 1853-1855; Vol.1). Which was translated into English by a man named Adrian Collins “The Inequality of Human Races, (London, 1915). And at that time he was trying to account for the decline of the European Aristocracy and the fall of human civilization.

Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. He also had quite a vast cultural knowledge for a self-made man. Both an art lover and a dilettante. He also had Germanic power. Greek and Roman antiquity play an essential part in his argumentation. And last but not least Chamberlain laid down the foundations for a vision of history which was to nurture the Nazi Weltanschauung.

Charles Darwin: Darwinism is with the published and private writings of Darwin himself. Both The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871) are literary and scientific 1

masterpieces. Darwin’s The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) and his posthumously published Autobiography (1887; rev. edn. by Nora Barlow, 1958) also reveal much about both the author and responses to his work. Cambridge University’s Darwin Correspondence Project is making available in multiple volumes and online with extraordinary notes the entire collection of Darwin’s nearly 15,000 surviving letters, plus a vast number of letters written to Darwin

Herbert Spencer: Spencer adapted Charles Darwin's notion of natural selection and applied the theory to human society in a philosophy that became known as "Social Darwinism." Also it was Spencer who coined the term "survival of the fittest," while using it to apply to the fate of the rich and poor in a Laissez faire capitalist society. Spencer also argued that there were nothing unnatural with competing and while rising to the top in a dog-eat-dog capitalist world. William Graham Sumner: Summer believed that man could not abolish the law of "survival of the fittest," and that humans could only interfere with it and in so doing, produce the "unfit." Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie mastered and used the concept of vertical integration, which placed all aspects of steel production under his control. He realized that, by integrating all the processes of making and distributing steel, he could avoid working with other companies and sharing the profits that he was making off of them. Lester Frank Ward: Ward was referred to as the Father of American Sociology. He also supported the equality of women rights. As well as the equality of rights for all races and societies. A lot of his work was unsuccessful back then. But would be successful in today’s time with all the equal rights and justice for all. 2. How was Darwinism generally, and eugenics specifically, used to impact America’s immigration policies? (100-200 words) Social Darwinism also had a racialist tinge, providing intellectual justification for laws and social practices that kept African Americans, Indians, certain categories of immigrants, and women second-class citizens who were often denied the vote and a basic right to property ownership. This is used to impact the America’s immigration policies simply because, African Americans was not even considered to be full citizens and instead should rely on a “talented tenth” to lead the way.

2

3. Explain the three ways in which ‘survival of the fittest’ was applied to society. Provide specific examples. (200-300 words) Eugenics: Eugenics was rooted in the social Darwinism of the late 19th century, a period in which notions of fitness, competition, and biological rationalizations of inequality. And also believed that wealthy white Anglo-Saxon Americans were biologically superior to other groups fueled by social and political trends. He believed that it would be better to make people sterile with so-called less desirable qualities” (Shultz, 2018). Social Gospel: Consist of member of the middle class where many of them were progressive and had the time and money and the resources to devote to the reform (Shultz, 2018). So a document was created to show others like him that they can use their platform and wealth to do exactly what he did to make a difference. Which was seen as the fittest were helping those that were less fortunate. Gospel of Wealth: This is the movement that showed the most of the survival of the fittest because of Carnegie. He used his wealth and statues while trying to better his community.

4. What do Fundamentalist Christians believe? Why are these beliefs opposed Darwinism? Use the Keas and Dixon articles to support your answers. (100-200 words) The Fundamentalist Christian opposed Darwinism, simply because of what it stood for. It was against everything the bible said about the creation of earth and how humans got here. Some stated that it prevented them from teaching any other religions besides Christianity in schools. (Wood.C.2012). And besides that it wanted all children to not listen to Darwinism and what it stood for. But instead continue sticking with the Bible and their own religions. The theory that “survival of the fittest” extended to the business realm; tycoons believed they were justified in their overbearing behavior because they had shown themselves to be the most successful competitors in an open market. Example--- The young man worked hard work, and showed loyalty to his employer, therefore the hero literally rises “from rags to riches.”

3

References https://journals.openedition.org/miranda/6680 Wood, C. (2012, March 13). Why the feud between Darwin and religion? - Patheos. Retrieved October 20, 2016

Reference Buchanan, T. W. (2019). Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia. Dixon, T. (2009). America’s Difficulty with 4

Darwin. History Today, 59(2), 22–28. Schultz, K. (2016). HIST 4 (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Reference Buchanan, T. W. (2019). Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia. Dixon, T. (2009). America’s Difficulty with Darwin. History Today, 59(2), 22–28. 5

Schultz, K. (2016). HIST 4 (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth. Schultz, K. (2016). HIST 4 (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth HIST5, Fifth Edition, Kevin M. Schultz, - © Cengage WCN 02-200-247. Distributed by Grand Canyon University.

6...