HIS-144-T6 Civil Rights Movement Matrix PDF

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Topic 6 Assignment...

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Name: Leslie Hewitt

HIS-144 Civil Rights Movement Matrix Directions: Utilize the Topic 6 Readings as a resource to complete the matrix below. Be sure to cite all sources. Summarize and state the significance of each of the snapshots of the Civil Rights movement. Each box should be approximately 60-75 words. The first one is an example. Snapshot

Summary

Significance

Example: Second Mississippi Plan

The Second Mississippi Plan was a series of laws that established barriers for former slaves from participating in voting, and included things like the poll tax, a fee for voting which many poor people could not pay, the literacy test, stating that one had to be able to read and write at a given standard in order to vote, which discriminated heavily against most former slaves, many of whom were illiterate. (citation)

These laws were passed to prevent the former slaves from exercising any political power. In many of the Southern states, the black population was either even with or outnumbered the white population. These laws were set in motion to protect the status quo of power in the Southern states. These policies initiated in Mississippi were adapted by many of the other Southern states. (citation)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Plessy vs Ferguson declared segregation laws unconstitutional in a 1896 Supreme Court Case. It did state that it was legal for accommodations to be made to separate blacks and whites if they were equal. It all began when Homer Plessy, who was considered black, sat in a “white” railroad car in Louisiana on June 7, 1892. Homer Plessy was of mixed race and called himself

In going to the Supreme Court, the ruling declared that the segregation laws were constitutional but only if the items being segregated were equal. That paved the way for separate bathroom facilities, railroad cars and buses among other public facilities. (Plessy v. Ferguson, 2009) This case shined new light into the inequalities in civil rights of colored people in mainly the

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“seven-eighths Caucasian and one-eighth African blood.” (Plessy v. Ferguson, 2009)

southern states.

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow laws prevented African Americans from riding in the same buses, railroad cars, eat in the same areas in restaurants and attend the same schools among many other public areas. The Jim Crow laws were usually passed in the southern states by local and state governments. The Jim Crow laws were named for a black faced performance portrayed by Thomas D. Rice. (Schultz, 2018)

After the abolishment of slavery in the 13th Amendment many southern states passed laws to continue the traditions of white supremacy. Some laws limited how much land colored people could have and farm, while others restricted the rights of colored people. The Jim Crow laws furthered segregation by not allowing colored people to attend the same schools, eat in the same restaurants and many other separated facilities.

Segregation in the World Wars

Segregation in the military ran as deep as segregation in the south. Colored men were given support roles such as cooks, grave diggers and supply men. (Gates, 2013) By 1945 because of the loss of lives in the war more colored men were put on the front lines. African Americans were becoming pilots, infantrymen, medics and officers while leading the Americans to success in the war.

Segregation in the military ran deep until July 26, 1948 when Harry S. Truman signed an executive order abolishing segregation in the United States military. With the formation of the Double V Campaign which called for the victory overseas and a victory against the racial segregation in the United States. This movement paved the way for the post war civil rights movement to end segregation in the United States.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Brown v. Board of Education was an important Supreme Court case that ruled in 1954 that it was unequal to have separate educational facilities for white and black students. (Schultz, 2018) It also ruled that even in the public schools that racial segregation was unconstitutional. (Brown v. Board of Education, 1954)

Mr. Brown argued in his lawsuit that the schools for African American children were not equal as ordered in comparison to white children schools. The African American children were suffering because of the lacking in the facilities and would always be behind the white students in the same

The plaintiffs argued that the segregated schools were not equal, and the schools could not be made equal.

classes. This ruling gave African American children opportunities to attend the same school facilities as white children. (Schultz, 2018)

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

When Rosa Parks boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama she was seated in the front row of the colored section. When a white male asked her to give up her seat she refused and was arrested. (Montgomery Bus Boycott, 2010) The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest the unfair seating on the bus lines that colored people mainly rode. The colored people made up almost 75% of all riders, many colored cab drivers offered rides for the same price as the bus lines.

Rosa Parks was seated in her section of a bus, the laws at the time stated that if the white section filled then the colored section had to give up their seats and stand or get off and wait for the next bus. She was arrested and fined $10.00 for not moving when asked by the bus driver. Her actions sparked the black community to boycott the buses and demand that changes be made in regards to the segregation laws for the buses.

MLK Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (nonviolent resistance)

In hopes of redeeming “the soul of America” thru nonviolent protests the Southern Christian Leadership Conference under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. The SCLC organized many local protest groups in the south to promote equality for all African Americans. The group consisted of many African American preachers and influential leaders and laid the groundwork for the famous march on Washington where MLK Jr. spoke his “I Have a Dream” Speech. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 2018)

The SCLC played a huge role in helping to organize the Civil Rights March on Washington D.C. where Martin Luther King Jr. made his famous speech titled “I Have a Dream. The SCLC also helped to organize voter reform and increase African American voter registration in Alabama and Georgia. The group coordinated many events using the African American churches in the south to make events known to the African American community. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 2018)

"I Have a Dream" speech

On August 28, 1963 with an audience of approximately

Martin Luther Kings speech called for an end to the racism

1964 Civil Rights Act

250,000 people Martin Luther King Jr. gave the famous speech “I Have a Dream.” He stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial monument in Washington D.C. MLK Jr. spoke about the ongoing struggles that African Americans still faced, he used scripture from the bible as well as words from our counties founding fathers to evoke the civil rights movements from the past. ("I Have a Dream," Address Delivered at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 2019)

and to promote equal civil rights for all Americans without any regard to color or ethnic background. He also pointed out that 100 years ago the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, and colored people were still not free. ("I Have a Dream," Address Delivered at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 2019) The march on Washington turned out to be a bigger event than planned with around 250,000 people in attendance.

The 1964 Civil Rights Act was important in that the Act outlawed discrimination in the workplace and public facilities based on color, sex, and national origin. This was very important to African Americans and women of all races. (Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act, 2021) Many members of congress from the southern states opposed the law, but it was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson during his presidency. (Schultz, 2018)

When Lyndon B. Johnson signed the 1964 Civil Rights Act into law on July 2, 1964 it gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission the jurisdiction to investigate any violations to the law. (Schultz, 2018) All instances of racial, sexual, or origin discrimination in places of public employment was banned. Also, failure to provide services based on race was banned, people were finally beginning to be treated fairly.

References

Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Our Documents - Brown v. Board of Education (1954). https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=87. Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. Civil Rights Teaching. (2021). https://www.civilrightsteaching.org/voting-rights/documents-based-lesson/civil-votingrights-act. Gates, H. L. (2013, September 19). Segregation in the Armed Forces During World War II. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/what-was-blackamericas-double-war/. History.com Editors. (2009, October 29). Plessy v. Ferguson. History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson. History.com Editors. (2010, February 3). Montgomery Bus Boycott. History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott. Schultz, K. M. (2018). Hist5 U.S History. In K. M. Schultz, Hist5 U.S. History. Cengage Learning, Inc. Stanford University. (2018, June 5). Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/southern-christian-leadership-conferencesclc. Stanford University. (2019, January 25). "I Have a Dream," Address Delivered at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/i-have-dream-addressdelivered-march-washington-jobs-and-freedom....