HIST 130: Civil War, Part 1: War to Preserve the Union - Google Docs PDF

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Jerrad Benedict, History 130, civil war lecture notes ...

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Key terms: Fort Sumter, “Modern War,” Battle of Antietam, “Internal War” (Wo War and The war of Class) Fort Sumter: first war of the civil war (april 4-17th Perceptions ● North: session a plot of a few; majority will rejoin ● South: their “right”- will of the people ● Military officials: short war=3 months max ○ Northern politician: “If war… wipe up all the blood with one han ○ William Tecumseh Sherman (pictured): Reality ● Long: almost 4 year to the day ○ 10,000 skirmishes/76 major battles (90% of south) ● Deaths: approx. 700,000 (more than ALL U.S. wars combined) ● Families divided: “brothers war” ● Democratic War: Consent of the governed ○ Both sides believe they have popular support ○ Battles influenced politics/ politics influenced battles Modern War ● Industrial revolution applied to war; ○ railroads/ steamboats/ mechanical reaper ○ Telegraph: fast communication ○ Modern weaponry: ■ “Ironclads”: revolutionizes naval welfare ■ Rifles, mini-balls, repeating rifles ● Until 1850: “smooth bore” muskets (80 yards/ina ● After 1850: rifles (400+ yards/accurate) Military Mobilization ● 1860: U.S. Army: 16,000 men (1,080 officers) ○ 29% of officers resign and join confederacy ● Estimated strengths during Civil War ○ Union: 2,100,000 ○ C S A : 800 000...