HSC verbs & Other Important HSC Techniques PDF

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HSC Chemistry Notes: General Information HSC verbs 1. Calculate - Show working out, starting from scratch - Explain each step of your working out o If there is an outlier that you are excluding, make a note of it 2. Identify - Easiest question to answer - Just list everything that is appropriate - Do not go into detail because time is better spent somewhere else 3. Define - State meaning and essential qualities - Needs to be sophisticated answer, preferably straight out of your notes - Give examples, even if they don’t ask 4. Outline - General overview - Include main features - Exclude fine details - Don’t go overboard because not worth it 5. Demonstrate - Start off by defining whatever they want you to demonstrate - Give an accurate example - Provide a conclusion saying exactly how you have demonstrated it 6. Compare - Provide definitions for each - Highlight the main similarities between the two 7. Distinguish - Provide definitions for each - Highlight the main differences between the two 8. Describe - Definition - Similar to outline, but with more depth - Example - Equations if possible - Relate back to syllabus and think about what they want 9. Explain - Very similar to describe, but with more depth - Extra mark comes from minute details that the general cohort will not have 10. Account for - Definition and explanation of what is being asked - The points need to be shaped as low-key arguments or reasons for why the statement in the question is correct

HSC Chemistry Notes: General Information 11. Analyse - Similar to explain, but with more depth - Extra mark comes from minute details - Not mere description, but critical engagement with the statement 12. Discuss - Provide arguments both for and against - On each side, you need to have a mini ‘account for’ argument 13. Assess - Extremely thorough detail required - Critical engagement is a must - Have a judgement at the end - Comment on the value/size/importance of what the question asks - Needs to be structured well 14. Justify - Similar framework to account for, but with greater detail - Needs to have a structure - Concluding statement reiterating what the question asks - Arguments need to be detailed and sophisticated 15. Evaluate - Similar to Assess questions - Critical engagement, thorough detail, structure are all musts - Have to set your own criteria - Then go through all your arguments - In conclusion, come back to your criteria and say to what extent your criteria has been successfully met Significant Figures -

The digits of a number that contribute to its accuracy Number 12 100 200.00 9602 0.044 4.7200 306

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No. of sig figs 2 1 5 4 2 5 3

In any calculation question, maximum number of sig. figs. you can use is the minimum no. of sig figs in the question o Common sense needs to be applied o Think about how that number was measured/determined and related back to how accurate it is

HSC Chemistry Notes: General Information Important Formulae

SI units -

When substituting values into equations, need to convert to SI units Unless stated otherwise, provide your answer as any SI unit (except for temperature – answer in Celsius) Base quantity Name Symbol Length l, h, r Mass m Time t Velocity v Amount of n substance Temperature T Current I Potential V difference

Base Unit Name Symbol Metre m Kilogram kg Second s Metres/second m/s Mole mol Kelvin Ampere Volts

Things to consider for molar calculations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Balanced chemical equations, even if question doesn’t ask Calculate molar mass of compounds (show this calculation) Look for limiting reagent In questions requiring concentration calculation, do not use moles Do not assume 1 L 0f a substance = 1 kg (it is for water) Appropriate units in answer Appropriate significant figures

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