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HUM 3 Second Exam Ideology

Comedy

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Key term used in literary, cultural, and film studies - Primarily developed by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Louis Althusser - “the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas… The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production.” – Marx - The system of ideas of a ruling class becomes the ideology of a certain society - Functions to ensure the preservation of the power structure - Achieves this by preserving certain truths that constitute reality - Makes artificial (man-made) power relations appear natural - Marx & Engels – ideology and its emphasis on social divisions based on social classes - 20th century – onwards – other social gatherings such as race, gender, ethnicity, etc. 1. Racial ideology 2. Gender ideology Hegemony -

Extension of the concept of ideology Power of ideology is established through consent ➢ Ideas and attitudes appear natural yet their origins can be traced to a particular historical moment that served the purpose of a specific social group

Ex: Coca-cola commercial

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Folktale 1. Numskull tales - Funny, comic, absurd, occasionally pathetic acts of a foolish person - Audience: pity/exasperation (or both) over the anti-hero’s misadventures and stupidities - Ability of the antihero to survive - Example: Juan Tanga, Juan Tamad 2. Trickster tales - Stupid character develops into a trickster who deceives people, usually persons in authority - Example: Juan/Suan, Juan Osong, Juan Pusong, Pilandok Mikhail Balentin’s notion of carnivalesque -

Guide questions: 1. 2. -

Worldview? Diaspora Capitalizing on homesickness Gloss over Sacrifice Extended absence of parents Intricacies in the life of OFWs

Roots in literature, theater Greek comedy ➢ Happy resolution to dire circumstances and conflicts ➢ Satirical in nature pokes fun at men in power ➢ Aristophanes: Lysistrata, the Birds, the Frogs Basic function: amuse and entertain audience by making them laugh through the use of humor As opposed to catharsis in tragic plays Humor in early Philippine literature ➢ Oral poetry ➢ Folklores

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Feast of fools Carnival Emphasis on basic needs and the body; immediacy of the material level An alternative space marked by freedom and equality

Ang Turkey Man ay Pabo Rin -

Carnivalesque in Cookie and Matthew’s household (no social hierarchy) Humoristic portrayal of Filipino culture and values Caricature of our own selves

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Some dominant motifs: ➢ Deconstruction of stereotypes ➢ Strangeness of the foreign ➢ Family and community as flexible, encompassing, restorative spaces

Meta-film, metacinema -

Meta – denoting something of a higher/secondorder kind: meta language, meta-narrative Adj. referring to itself or to the conventions of the genre; self-referential

Meta-film, cinema -

A type of filmmaking that references its own constructedness or artificiality Forgoes devices and conventions that read to audience’s suspension of belief Mention of various elements of filmmaking and aspects of film industry Antique indie film industry Ex: Parody on commercial and mainstream films

Drama on television Philippine drama – soap opera – teleserye -

“Ma Perkins” – a radio serial program sponsored by P&G’s Oxydol soap power; its popularity leads P&G to sponsor numerous new soap operas. Faithful listeners become loyal buyers of P&G.

Philippine origins -

Ties with literary tradition that goes as far back as pre-Spanish era Indigenous oral literature as prototype of drama Contemporary format ➢ Employs similar tropes but rendered in a different way: • Good vs. evil, ideal love stories triumph in life through justice and perseverance, etc. • Much shorter, faster cycles • Rehash or revival of old stories, mostly from komiks: Kampanerang kuba, Darna, Panday ➢ Continues to be a vessel of Filipino values

➢ Innovations in format and themes to better reflect contemporary issues and concerns • Dramatization of controversial topics • Advocacy-serye ➢ Transnational aspects: continued importation, aggressive exportation 1. Spanish colonial period - Christianization of indigenous rituals ➢ Dramatization and reenactment of religious events ➢ Introduction of the stage and aesthetics of the stage - Advent of metrical romances from Europe: awit and korido ➢ Ex: Florante and Laura, Ibong Adarna - Florante at Laura ➢ Allegory-a symbolic narrative; figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than the literal ➢ Development of Filipino audience’s penchant for melodrama and romanticized stories ➢ Existence of sophisticated form of narrative: drama/theater as form of entertainment 2. American colonial period - Introduction of komiks - Introduction of transistor radios to disseminate information against subversive elements - Gulong ng Palad ➢ MBC radio drama series (1949) ➢ Soap opera in 1980s ➢ Remake with Hermosa & TJ Trinidad (2006) - Modern form: ➢ First tv soap opera – Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato (1963) ➢ Early 1980s: Flordeluna (Janice de Belen); Anna Liza (Julie Vega) 3. Post-Marcos era - Re-opening of main tv channels; revival of soap opera format to increase viewership and sales - Major teleseryes: Mara Clara (1992-1997); Esperanza, Valiente (1992-1999); Marimar; Maria Mercedes; Maria la del Barrio Tropes -

Literature: figure of speech (metaphor, metonymy, irony, etc.) – a word, phrase, expression of image that is used in a figurative way (non-literal) usually for rhetorical effect

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Film & tv: recurring devices and conventions used in a story which can be reasonably present in the audience’s minds and expectations

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Stereotype -

Oversimplified conception of person or group

Cliché -

Overused expression or idea that has lost its original effectiveness

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Some tropes in PH 1. The hero is almost always female suffering from perpetual poverty - Two ways to make heroine sympathetic: ➢ Trope of abusive parents or relatives ➢ Adopted by an ideal family who are either rich/poor 2. The hero has almost always disappeared parents, and the parent/child search is center to the plot 3. Latecomers – when evil guys decide to wreak havoc, authorities always come late 4. Airport rush – lead start realizes that he/she is in love with love team who happens to be leaving 5. Touch me not – painless, in pain with woman treating him Game of Thrones -

Cain and Abel trope Caligula trope Fatal flaw trope

Asianovela -

Wuxia TV Series – “martial hero” ➢ Aired every Sunday morning in RPN 9 during the early 1990s; ➢ Catered primarily to Chinese-Filipini audience

Asian TV Series in Philippine Television -

Amazing Twins (AKA The Legendary Siblings, 2002) ➢ Imported from Taiwan ➢ Adapted from Gu Long’s novel, “Two Peerless Heroes” ➢ Aired on IBC 13 with Filipino dubbing

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Meteor Garden (May 2003) ➢ From Taiwan ➢ School-setting ➢ Based on Japanese manga: Hana Yori Dango ➢ Sequels: • Meteor Rain • Meteor Garden II Bright Girl (2003) ➢ South Korea ➢ First Koreanovela ➢ Quirky meeting of main ➢ Aired on GMA Lovers in Paris ➢ South Korea ➢ Remake with KC, Piolo and Zanjoe ➢ Aired on ABS-CBN Full House ➢ South Korea ➢ Remake with Heart and Richard ➢ Aired on GMA Other famous: ➢ My Name’s Kim Sam Soon (2006) ➢ Only You (2006) ➢ Jewel in the Palace (2006) ➢ Jumong (2007) ➢ My Love from the Star (2014)

Korean hallyu -

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Hallyu – wave ➢ Korean wave in South Korean culture and entertainment which started in the late 1990s Success of Hallyu coincides with: ➢ Expansion of middle class • Primary target audience • Shift in target audience, change in premise and treatment • Increasing cosmopolitan and urban sensibilities of middle class Filipinos ➢ Different format and rendering of story • Faster, more contemporary ways of storytelling • Better technical execution (higher production budget; not dictated by tv ratings)

Postmodernism

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History -

Aldub

Beginnings of postmodernish: US, 1960s ➢ Susan Sontag: celebration of new sensibility ➢ Sensibility in revolt against the canonization of modernism’s avant-garde revolution

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Main ideas -

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Jean Francois Lyotard ➢ The postmodern condition • End of metanarratives • Heterogeneity over homogeneity Jean Baudrillard ➢ Idea of hyperrealism • Characteristic made of postmodernism • Distinction between simulation and the real implodes • Reality and simulation are experiences as without difference on often the simulation is even better than the real Frederic Jameson ➢ Postmodernism as culture dominant of late capitalism • A culture of excess and a culture of pastiche • Imitation without ulterior motive (empty parody)

Characteristics of postmodern art -

Blurring of boundaries between high art and low art Preference for discontinuity and fragmentation over coherence and linearity of narratives Use of intertexuality, pastiche ➢ Cannibalization and juxtaposition of past styles

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Eat Bulaga, Juan for all-all for Juan and problemsolving Alden – host; Maine-cast Accidental love team ➢ Unscripted and spontaneous response from main cast ➢ Kilig as authentic Split screen romance Extending the narrative ➢ More characters: • Lola Tinidora, Lola Tidora, Lola Isadora, Frankie Arinoli ➢ Plot twists are continuously introduced • Obstacles between he two lovers (betrothal of yaya to Frankie Arinoli, multiple abductions of both Alden and Yaya Dub) • Test trials The romantic mode ➢ The possibility and impossibility of love in romance narratives • Notion of romance as something that is perpetually between within and out of reach (Ex: fairytales, Romeo and Juliet) ➢ Damsel-in-distress • Courtly love • Symbolic aspiration for something more ideal ➢ Exceeding the audience’s expectations...