IMD225_Article Review_Muhammad Zakwan_2019209896 PDF

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FACULTY OF INFORMATON MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA REMBAU CAMPUS DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN INFORMATION AGENCIES (IMD225)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT ARTICLE REVIEW (Haptic technology – potential for library services with RFID in libraries: a case study on implementation)

Prepared by: Muhammad Zakwan Bin Mohd. Farid 2019209896 N5IM1104E

Prepared for: Mohd Faizal Mohd Ramsi

May 2021

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT ARTICLE REVIEW (Haptic technology – potential for library services with RFID in libraries: a case study on implementation)

Prepared by: Muhammad Zakwan Bin Mohd. Farid 2019209896 N5IM1104E

Faculty of Information Management Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express Alhamdulillah and thanks to Allah the Mighty God because give me strength and health in order to finish this assignment. Not forgetting also to my lecturer who in charge to this subject, IMD 225, Information Technology Application in Information Agencies which is Sir Mohd Faizal Mohd Ramsi. Thank you for providing a lot of guidance on completing this assignment. I hope all of my efforts through this assignment will payback good news for me on achieving great grade in this subject for this semester.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Pages Acknowledgements

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Table of Contents

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1.0 Introduction

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2.0 Discussion

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3.0 Recommendation

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4.0 Conclusion

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Reference(s) Appendixes

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1.0 Introduction In the design of internal and user-based systems, the new information and communication technologies have undeniably a significant influence on the way libraries work. In a wide range, the library has adapted the capabilities of computers (Husain and Nazim, 2015; Wójcik, 2015; Margam and Dar, 2017, respectively) to the needs of mobile devices, Internet and social media. However, the technology continually evolves in line with the needs and habits of users and libraries must constantly monitor changing social and technological trends in order to remain relevant to users. Haptic technology is one such trend as a group of solutions that often, but not always in the context of their interaction with technology, aims to provide touch feedback for users. The subject is a wide range of subjects that have become well-developed in a number of disciplines, including computers science, management sciences and cultural studies. That is surprising, as haptic technology can probably influence how libraries design new user services. Haptic technologies today most often aim to recreate touch sensations in the interaction between users and electronic resources to increase technology's intuition and friendliness, although reliance on the feelings of touch is deeply rooted in the librarianship tradition. A traditional book that can give strong haptic feelings of the paper structure, the book weight, the touching of the pages that are turned around can thus be considered as a precursor to user-informational resources based interactions on tactile feelings. However, the considers in this paper are being carried out in a so wide-ranging context mainly with a particular focus on haptics in the field of electronic development. Meanwhile, in the implementation of new Information Technology (IT), the library has always been a key player in improving services for employers (Kajewski, 2006). Emerging IT can be defined as innovations which can create or transform an existing industry (Myers, 2006). IT is not only a solution to improve employer services but also to meet customer demands for better services (Kathryn, 2004). Emerging IT implementation has begun with index cards, computerized databases for library material, bar codes and now RFI (RFID). There are difficulty and challenges in implementing emerging ITs. Lack of knowledge is one of the biggest challenges (Day and Schoemaker, 2000). As a result, implementation involves a great deal of trial and error, which presents a significant number of risks to the 1

implementers (Davis, 2009). New ethical issues such as privacy and security also arise in emerging IT (Moor, 2005). In addition, librarians must relearn and adapt to new roles (Goetsch, 2008). Despite the problems and challenges mentioned above, libraries have little guidance on the implementation of new IT solutions. A study of the literature in question (discussed further below) showed that the libraries cannot refer to an implementation model. The lack of such models increases the risk of new technologies being introduced into the library sector significantly. A systematic approach is a model that describes and discusses the key activities and sequences of the management of emerging IT.

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2.0 Discussion There are many advantages that new technologies can be introduced into the library which they can help to construct a positive image of the library as a modern institution and offer new opportunities for designing services and providing popular existing services in a new manner. Haptic technologies are still unusual and face cost, complexity, portability and debugging challenges. Every new technology should be introduced progressively and should not be a necessity but an option. There are also other techniques for offering tactile reinforcements, such as using a convex font, which allows visually impaired persons to read. Nevertheless, libraries should not forget older generations of users who are surprised and are able to create discomfort, says Pascale. It should also be remembered that there are other alternatives, beside haptics related to the electronic environment. The fact that the application of haptic technology, like any other technology, entails financial spending at purchase and operation is another factor which often discourages the introduction of new technology. 890 LHT 37,4 normally needs training of IT specialists and other experts for their employees. Based on their measurable impact on the local community, the cost-effectiveness of non-commercial services and libraries are slowly being calculated. In this context, the report states that it would be very profitable to provide services based on haptic strengthening that could be helpful to groups at risk of social exclusion and to all other users. The report found that haptic solutions might be helpful for older people, people with disabilities and children starting school. Furthermore, the results of the study are consistent with the existing literature on the challenge of the implementation of emerging technologies. First, it is uncertain how the technology can be optimised, and its value determined. In order to provide the necessary guidance during implementation, the library must therefore depend on the vendors. Second, the RFID system had many technical problems because the technology was still immature at the time, and these posed a major risk for successful deployment. This frustrated library personnel, causing certain librarians to resist using the system. Thirdly, it was necessary for librarians to relearn and adapt to new roles.

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In this case, librarians had to change their roles to help patrons find relevant material, from the simple handling of library transactions. The results are consistent with further research into the implementation of information systems (Alavi and Joachimsthaler, 1992; Sabherwal et al., 2006). The study first concluded that it was very easy to use the technology to facilitate conditions such as technical support offered by the RFID vendor. Second, the study suggested the success of RFID implementation through user-situation variables such as training and attitude. Third, the quality of the system (or its absence) almost put the RFID project under threat. Thankfully, the seller had an engineer on site in order to quickly solve RFID system problems.

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3.0 Recommendation It is difficult to predict other library services sectors in which haptic technology may be useful on the basis of literature on the subject published so far. This technology may be used not only for user services, but also in internal library procedures, such as cataloging, analysis, and resource descriptions. "Haptic integration into media may add a new descriptive feature to information objects that requires libraries to rethink their systems of description, classification, or even retrieval of resources." says the American Library Association – Center for the Future of Libraries (2018). However, it is hard to find examples of such implementations at the moment and also to predict how these solutions can be useful. Assessing the potential of haptic technology for libraries calls both the scientific community and the practice community for broader debate. It is easy to note that haptic reinforcements are especially important to users whose other senses, such as the blind or the deaf, are not fully functional. However, it would be worth exploring the issue and using advanced haptic technology, not only to provide disabled users with rich and more accessible services, but also to open up new opportunities through the modification of services for all users. Starting point could be the provision of electronic library services for a rich user experience with haptic elements. Furthermore, the use of haptic feedback could be enhanced by adding vibration, texture or particular porosity to inform boards and signs, tablets, computers and other library equipment that allow visually impaired users to benefit effectively from these information resources and make these devices more enjoyable for everyone. More traditional printed books, such as the Braille text version, and convex illustrations, would also be good to supply libraries in order to strengthen the processes of memories by incorporating touch with the sense of sight, particularly in science and education books. It would also help to reassure them. Besides that, it also better justified the need to implement solutions which are helpful to large groups of people in the perspective of the economic value of library services. The subject-matter literature is now increasingly focused on the subject of calculating the economic value of non-commercial institutions, including libraries. This requires the libraries to be able, by estimating how much value of the services provided are as offered on the commercial market, to demonstrate that they offer a valuable offer to local communities.

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However, one of the major challenges facing libraries is the high cost of implementing the infrastructure and preparing the librarians for use. A number of meetings have been held by librarians to overcome such challenges (Deards, 2011). One outcome of these meetings is the consideration of general tools that allow librarians to communicate and cooperate. There have been several suggestions for these meetings. One is the creation of a commission to recognize, evaluate and initiate new technologies. Another suggestion consists of developing expertise in technology management among librarians through a structured program (Johnston, 2012). Emerging technology management requires a range of qualifications, skills and attributes as personality, and not just qualification, is the most important thing. Sadly, the model which libraries can use in implementing emerging IT is non-prepared. Besides, it is important for governments to cultivate trust in sources of information on emerging technologies through the use of media . This is because, the literature on politics of emerging IT addresses the difficulty in handling their novelty. For example, Kica and Groenendijk , described the difficulties faced by the European Patent Office. In addition, citizens are concerned with the potentials of these technologies in enabling governments to intervene in their lives . The complexity of the technologies also present ethical issues . In the meantime, other implementation studies have discussed potential approaches to the value determination of new technologies. Gillier and Piat(2011) suggested the identification of potential applications as the value could be identified. Deng and Yong (2011) have stated that technology R&D investment can be determined by examining whether it is market-driven or technological-driven (Deng and Yong, 2011). In another study, Phaal and Routley (2012) recommended the "workshop method of emergency road mapping" to assess the potential future value of emerging technologies. As technology studies have cognitive and geographical spread, emerging technology researchers around the world formed practical community (Leydesdorff and Rafols, 2011). Emerging technology can influence organizations' network structure and network status at the organisation's level (Low and Johnston, 2012).

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4.0 Conclusion In library and information science, haptic technology should be more used because it has the capacity to make library services more accessible and attractive for different groups of users. It appears that education and services, especially for disabled users with special education and service needs, are two most important sectors in which haptic technologies could apply in libraries. Haptic technologies can be used to make more responsive and intuitive user interfaces for electronic library services in various contexts, although it could also be very helpful for disabled people. In short, haptic technology can be employed to improve the quality of library services in a wide variety of respects. Services based on haptic technologies are particularly useful for many library users because their value can be better justified in that they are adapted to the needs of individual groups of recipients. It is surprising in this connection that the subject is so seldom covered in the literature of the library. This is a research gap that needs to be addressed. Scientific research in this field must be conducted at the same time and these solutions implemented in practice. Only close cooperation between scientists and librarians can result in full exploitation of the potential of this new and interesting technology. The potential of that interesting, new technology can only be fully exploited by close cooperation between scientists and libraries. Besides, the study identified implementing factors, particularly in the library setting, that are unique to RFID implementation. Some of these factors were identified in the library literature on RFID execution, such as justification of the RFID project, selecting the RFID vendor, tagging of library resources and installing the RFID system. Other factors such as requesting requirements, establishing implementing goals, managing the resistance of employees, improving the RFID system and planning the expansion of technology emerged from this study. The study followed by a combination of these factors to develop a model for the emerging process of IT implementation. As the result, the RFID technology was used as the model developed in this study. It remains to be seen how widespread this model is to other types of new IT. No such model can be made with the model developed in this study by previous studies on emerging technologies. The model can therefore be used for the development of other new types of new model of IT implementation. Only then can we make comparisons and refine the model.

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References Bahri, S. and Ibrahim, A. (2013), "RFID in libraries: a case study on implementation", Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 21-26. https://doi-org.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/10.1108/LHTN-03-2013-0012 Wójcik, M. (2019), "Haptic technology – potential for library services", Library Hi Tech, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 883-893. https://doi-org.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/10.1108/LHT-11-2018-0155

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Appendixes

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