Introduction-AND-RRL (RESEARCH) sample hahsvsjsuhe hsgshs PDF

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Phenomenology Study: Elder’s Life in Home for the Aged Introduction “Elder care, often referred to as senior care, is specialized care that is designed to meet the needs and requirements of senior citizens at various stages” (Senior Care, n.d.). After conducting an interview, Crist (2005) has concluded that, “receiving family care may have positive meaning for elders, especially when the care is provided within the context of positive relationships with family careers”. Elders are more comfortable if they are in hands of their children. Elderly care is important part in healthcare as well as family is such an important part for them while they are still alive. It makes them shape their lives again and help them recognize the love of a family. It is also where most of the first is experienced. Though, elderly care has been the responsibilities of family members but in these modern societies elderly people are mainly alone at home or they are cared in the old age home. According to Dannefer and Phillipson’s study (as cited in Gurung and Ghimire, 2014), the main reason for this includes decreasing family size, two-career family and increased life expectancy (p. 5). People nowadays won’t take care of their grandparents because for them it is a burden. There are three problems of ageing that the Senior Care (n.d.) identified and these are physical problems, cognitive problems, and emotional problems. “This fact should be shocking to East Asian people who are committed to filial piety and who should be concerned that many of the suicides are due to failures of children to support, care and love their parents” (Ruiping, 2007). Committing suicide of elderly may also be the effect of failing physical and cognitive health. Few institutions here in Cebu are now offering a nursing home for the elders. When parents get old and have an illness, some Filipino families opted to send the elders in these institutions. Elders might be okay being sent in a residential care, but some are having a hard time adjusting to the environment because they do need their family’s presence. Others would actually get disease or disorder because of family longing. Hence, the purpose of conducting this research is to point out experiences and challenges faced by elderly residents in the old age home without their family’s presence. Further, it will try to answer the following questions: (1) what it’s like to live without their family, (2) What are the consequences of living without their family’s presence (3) how do they cope up with the emotions. Review of Related Literature and Studies 

Review of Related Literature - (In-depth concepts/ ideas coming from different experts/ reliable sources about your topic) -give clear definition and explanation of your variables -categorize into themes the notions/ideas collated (at least 3-5 themes) Example:

Family’s Role in Elderly Care---- (theme)

--- present all ideas coming from different experts which relates to the theme 

Review of Related Studies -Last paragraph (Various studies have been done on several aspects of the topic…/ numerous studies have focused on the perspective of the topic…/ In light of these notions, different studies across the globe in describing the experiences of …) - at least 4-5 related studies - in making related studies, consider explaining the topic, method, and its significant findings of your source.

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MINIMUM OF 20 citations

Example RRL (at least 3-5 themes): Family’s Role in Elderly Care In every chapter of an individual’s life, they have member/s of a family in which they have to look unto. They need each and everyone’s care especially when they start to age. Elders do need assistance and care from a family. According to Kapp (2012), the fact that an older individual may be cognitively and capable enough to autonomously decide about and otherwise control important facets of his or own life in no way precludes the involvement of family members in supporting and assisting-physically, emotionally and financially-the older person's exercise of that autonomy. Shared decision making about placement and medical interventions can be empowering to the older person involved, relieve burdens on the older person and family members, and facilitate better surrogate decision making later. Potential dangers of the shared process include coercion, conflicts of interest, and disagreements between family members. New legal concepts, similar to those governing property, could help our legal system better accommodate the realities of shared decision making (Marshall, 1991). Nursing Staffs and Caregivers’ Role in Elderly Care There are several tasks and duties that a nursing staff and caregivers needs to do. In Munyisia, Yu, and Hailey’s study (2011) it was stated that, Nursing staff value their face‐to‐face interaction for successful care delivery. There is need, however, to investigate the effects of this form of communication on quality of care given to residents. Differences in multi‐tasked activities between high care and low care houses should be considered when deploying staff in a nursing home. Another study discussed about how mealtime’s being a task and not a duty. In Suhonen, Charalambous, Stolt, Katajisto, and Puro’s study (2013) it was stated that, Caregivers support the patient’s individuality through specific activities, perceiving that they maintain individuality in care provision whilst reporting moderate work satisfaction. The ratings of individuality assessments were the lowest in nursing homes followed by long‐term care in in ‐ patient wards. Pearson, Fitzgerald, and Nay (2003) stated in their research that, food service largely has become identified as a non-nursing duty and as a task that should be completed as quickly as possible. This conflicts with the evidence that social interaction at mealtimes has the potential to promote well-being. Alongside residents' general outward acquiescence to the

service, nurses did not see problems and deficiencies with the service observed by the researchers or reported by the residents.

The study mainly focuses on the phenomenon of elder’s experience in old age home without a family’s presence. Various studies have been done on several aspects of the topic. According to Skinner (1983), problems dealt with elders includes sensory and motor deficiencies, memory loss, motivational changes, mental fatigue, and the disruptive effects of the social environment of the aged. In addition to that, these includes: physical, cognitive and emotional problems encountered by the elders as they age. Regarding with their physical problems according to Skubic (2005), independent lifestyles come with risks that are complicated by chronic illness and impairments in mobility, cognition, and the senses. Another research was conducted by Pollak and Perlick (1991), seventy percent of the caregivers in each sample cited nocturnal problems in their decision to institutionalize, often because their own sleep was disrupted. The most frequent disruptive nocturnal events were micturition, pain, and complaints of sleeplessness. Moreover, cognitive problems include users over the age of 75 are at risk for medically related cognitive problems and confusion, and early detection allows for more effective clinical intervention is emotional problems (Jimison et. al., 2004). Lastly, as to what Blazer said, the most common emotional problems affecting the elderly: memory loss, depression, anxiety, sleeping problems, alcohol and drug abuse, and others (1998). The past decade has seen the emergence of considerable research validating the role of family and other informal supports in the care of frail and chronically ill elderly. Contrary to prevailing stereotypes, the informal support system provides more assistance than do formal organizations, and without the care given by informal support networks many more elderly would probably be forced to leave their homes and enter institutions (Branch & Jette, 1983).

Note: Do not forget your citations (in-text) in Introduction (if needed) and Review of Related Literature and Studies (a must).

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