Introduction to ict chapter 1 PDF

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INFORMA TION CO MMUNICATIO N INFORMATION COMMUNICATIO MMUNICATION TECHNOLOG Y(ICT ICT)) AND ETHI CS TECHNOLOGY ETHICS LECTURE NOTES ON

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

BY

K. KARL IAN [email protected]/+254721666582

DEPARTMEN DEPARTMENTT OF I.C.T -ICS -M -MOMBAS OMBAS OMBASA A CAMPUS First Edition-2018 March Copyright © 2018 by K. Karl Ian, EAICS-Mombasa Campus DISCLAIMER THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CLAIM ANY ORIGINALITY AND CANNOT BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOKS. THE INFORMATION PRESENTED HERE IS MERELY A COLLECTION BY THE AUTHOR . VARIOUS TEXT BOOKS AS WELL AS FREELY AVAILABLE MATERIAL FROM INTERNET WERE CONSULTED FOR PREPARING THIS DOCUMENT. THE OWNERSHIP OF THE INFORMATION LIES WITH THE RESPECTIVE AUTHORS OR INSTITUTIONS.

INTR INTRODUCTION ODUCTION TO INFOR INFORMA MA MATION TION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ( ICT) EV EVOLU OLU OLUTION TION OF COMMUNICATION Communication has improved and evolved to facilitate our daily activities. In the 21st century, everything related to communication utilizes technology to ‘send out’ or disseminate information to a wider audience. Information can be ‘sent out’ in many ways. The inventions of cellular phones, television and other electronic devices are important in e nhancing communication.

WHAT IS ICT? ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

INFORMATION Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.

The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio.

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We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas. Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the stock exchange market.

COMMUNICA COMMUNICATION TION

Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions. Previously, people communicated through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these ‘older’ forms of communication are less utilised as compared to the use of the Internet, e-mail or video conferencing.

Communication is important in order to gain knowledge. With knowledge, we are more confident in expressing our thoughts and idea s.

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TECHNOLOGY Technology is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs. Technology is vital in communication Aid idiing Commun unicat icat ication ion Telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending communication. Spreadi Spreading ng Info Informa rma rmatio tio tionn To broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively. Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used. Assessment Questions .1 1.1 Describe the following terms; A. IT B. ICT C. Computer D. Digital Divide 1.2 What is the difference between IT and ICT? 1. 3 Write a note on how IT can help an organization in gaining a competitive advantage on its operations. 1.4 Briefly describe one way how ICT can be applied in each of the following areas. A. Robotics B. Freelancing C. Cyber Crime D.Virtual Reality 1.5 Using specific examples, describe how the information can be converted, stored, protected, processed, transmitted, and retrieved using computers and its

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USES OF ICTS IN EVERYDAY LIFE There are lots of uses of ICTs in everyday life. Some uses of ICTs in various fields are as follows: Education ICTs are playing the remarkable role in the education sector. Teachers use ICTs to research for teaching materials, participate in the online conference as well to aid their teaching. Students use ICTs as reference tool. They use Internet to search for their study materials. In an online system of study, students can access class notes, submit assignments and also join a discussion group with the help of ICTs. Researchers use ICTs to collect and process data. School administrators use ICTs for administrative purposes.

Banking ICTs control the entire banking system that also includes "Electronic Banking Services". It is also known as the nerve center of the banking system around the world. Customers use ICTs to make transactions at 24 hours service centers. Business persons use ICTs to save their time by using online services. Bank administrators use ICTs to control the entire banking system.

E-Commerce Buying and selling goods by the use of an internet are known as e-commerce. Ecommerce helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier and faster. In an e-commerce sector, customers, suppliers and employees get benefits from the usage of ICT. Customers use ICTs to connected online with suppliers to purchase products. Suppliers use ICTs to keep track of their transactions. Employees use ICTs to communicate with their customers for any inquiries.

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Health ICT applications have been valuable resources in the medical field. They support the efficient exchange of information between health professionals, they enable transfer of patient records and can improve the quality of care provided by health professionals. Ct Scan, Ultra Sound, ECG are done by the help of ICTs to diagnosis different diseases.

Communicati Communication on ICT is Used for communication. Nowadays people are in touch with the help of ICT. Through chatting, E-mail, voice mail and social networking people communicate with each other. It is the cheapest means of communication. Use of Tec Technology hnology in C Communication ommunication Unlike in the past when communication was limited to letter writing and waiting for those postal services to deliver your message. Today technology has made the field of communication easy. Now you can draft a business message and email it or fax it in an instant. Technology has made business meetings so simple, with the introduction of video conferencing; you no longer have to worry to be late for a business meeting. Now with this video conferencing technology, you can be in the meeting in a virtual form and engage with your partners directly. Examples of Technolo Technology gy in Communicatio Communicationn Video Conferencing Allows for simple real-time communication between two parties. Sites for Vi Video deo Confer Conferencing encing GoToMeeting Webex Skype Whats App 5|Page Copyright@2018 K. Karl Ian/[email protected]

Emails I don’t need to say much about this. We all have one and treasure this form of communication technology. Many people cannot function without the use of their emails. It is a critical form of communication technology used by the simplest person to the President. Email Pr Providers oviders Gmail Outlook Yahoo In conclusi conclusion on Business and personal communication is essential for the operation of the globe. We all feel like we need to make use of it daily. Use of Tec Technology hnology in Hum Human an Relatio Relationships nships As the world develops, people are getting more carried away with their work and cares. Today a lot is demanded, so everyone is too busy and have no time for finding a relationship. So, technology has also filled this part. With technology, you can connect and meet new people while at work using social network technology. You can also use technology to find a new date without living your work. Nowadays people use mobile phone apps to meet and connect with new and old friends. Social networks like Facebook.com, Tagged.com have played a big role in connecting both old and new relationships. However, virtual relationships are not as strong as physical relationships, so I advise you to take off time and meet these people you network with virtually and get to know each other better. On the other note, people who over participate in virtual relationships, end up with no friends in real life, and they develop a disease called cyber-sickness and loneliness. Examples of Technolo Technology gy in Human Relati Relationships onships Virtual Dat Dating ing Virtual dating has become a new and exciting experience for those looking for love. Many providers, both websites and apps, have promised by means of their proprietary algorithms they can find you love. Thus, many millions have registered to be matched with their” soul mate.” Virtual Dat Dating ing Sites an and d Apps Match.com Match.com: This website has connected thousands of people in the world, even resulting in real marriages. Eharmony Eharmony: This website assures clients that they look at partners for long-term relations, users typically recommend Eharmony. Bumble Bumble: This app is popular among Android users.

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In conclusi conclusion on Technology has affected even the intimate areas of our personal lives. Though people have success on these sites and apps, I still recommend meeting someone the old fashion way. Use of Tec Technology hnology in EEducation ducation Today, technology has made a very big change in the education world, with the invention of technology gadgets and mobile apps it is easier than ever for students to learn. Nowadays you can access a full library of educational material via a mobile app or website on any smartphone or iPad. Before inventing this technology, students had to go to physical libraries to get the information they need. Examples of Technolo Technology gy in Education Apps for EEducation ducation Coursera-Basically learn everything you want with this app. Browse 1000+ courses in a variety of subject areas, math, to music, medicine, programming, computer science etc. Khan Academy- Like Coursera Khan Academy is well known. It has over 10,000 videos and explanations at your fingertips in math, science, finance, programming and a lot more Duolingo – (The best language-learning app” —The Wall Street Journal) Learn English, Spanish, French, Danish, Swedish, Russian, Ukrainian, etc. some of which you may never really use. But I always say a next language is never a bad thing. Check it out its awesome. Alison; Lynda Udemy Use of Tec Technology hnology in Purc Purchasing hasing Technology has also made the buying and selling of goods and services so flexible and a lot safer. With the introduction e-payment systems, users can easily purchase anything online without leaving the comfort of their homes, they no longer need to overly worry about sending credit card information to a vendor. Examples of Technology iinn Purchasing EMV Smart Chips Once upon a time, credit card owners feared losing their cards as the thief merely needed to swipe and fake a signature to empty it. Now Credit Cards with smart chip technology rather than sign a hard copy of the receipt, the chip and pin system, instead requires a PIN like an ATM. If the PIN doesn’t match, your purchase doesn’t go through. Thus, this system is more secure. 7|Page Copyright@2018 K. Karl Ian/[email protected]

Online Payments Providers Paypal– The most widely used payment provider in the USA. This giant of a provider has allowed for payment at thousands of popular websites without the need to enter your credit card details. Keeping your payment secure and safe. It simply requires an email and password to pay. Google Wallet – Google’s Payment solution, like PayPal, Google simply requires your Google account to pay, not as widely used as PayPal however. In Conclu Conclusion sion Do not worry you can buy that cool shoe or watch online, the technology used daily today is much safer than it was 10 years ago, still be cautious. Use of Tec Technology hnology in Agriculture Also, technology has changed the agricultural industry by replacing human labor with machines that are operated or controlled by people or other machines. In the agricultural industry, productivity is a key factor. If production is high, the farmer will make more profits. Technology has helped farmers replace the old ways of farming with machines that can do the job in less time right from the day of planting to the day of harvesting. Let’s take a simple example. An animaldrawn plow replaced the digging stick. Then later, that plow was replaced by the horse-drawn moldboard plow. Currently, we have the large tractors that pull complex tilling machines. But, even these machines are being replaced by no-till or minimum-till farming practices, which reduce the amount of work it takes to prepare the soil for planting. Examples of Technology iinn Agriculture Machiner Machineryy

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Apps FamGraze With the invention of Mobile App for farmers, they can use an App like” FamGraze” to work faster and be more accurate while in the field and off the field. For example,” FamGraze” app will help a farmer manage their grass more effectively by suggesting the cheapest feed for their livestock. This app will calculate the amount of grass your animals have in the field. You will need no paper or any spreadsheets to do all this. Saving you more time while in the field. In Conclu Conclusion sion Agriculture has benefited significantly from technology. It has increased efficiency and quality of work done, resulting in greater harvest and more profits. Use of Tec Technology hnology in Banking The use of technology in banking is the backbone of society today. Most banks now offer online banking facilities. Millions make use of this service daily to manage their finances. Most businesses also use this feature to pay employees and transfer money. Many individuals and companies are reliant on this option to function. Additionally, security has significantly benefited as these banking systems do their best to ensure there are firewalls and limits in place to reject any curious hacker. Example Exampless of Technolo Technology gy in Banki Banking ng E-Banki E-Banking ng Providers This list is endless. The best suggestion is to check your nearest banking provider I am almost positive they have online banking. ATMS These lifesavers allow for the quick convenient withdrawal of our money. No need to enter a back or call ahead. Quick and easy. only requires a simple pin to access. Banking APPS Banks like Chase, Wells Fargo, RBC and PN PNC C all have mobile apps to access your banking and investment details easily, wherever and whenever you are on the go. Use of Tec Technology hnology in Transportatio Transportationn Transportation is one of the basic areas of technological activity. Both businesses and individuals have benefited from the new technologies in the travel industry. Time is money, so we must have a fast and efficient mode of transport. Try to imagine life without a well-developed transportation system. Transportation is the food, clothing, and shelter of society. It has become a basic need of every society. It assists with the essential transfer of necessary services and goods for all industries, some of which is required for a populations existence. However, 9|Page Copyright@2018 K. Karl Ian/[email protected]

transportation technology has changed dramatically since 1800 to recent years. Let’s take a good example in the picture below.

Trains Electric aand nd Hybrid Ve Vehicles hicles There has been an extreme rise if electric and hybrid vehicles. They promise greater gas mileage, an environmentally responsible and all-around less expensive vehicle. Tesla Motors– Tesla Motors is the big boy of the fully electric car world. They have showrooms all around the world and a very faithful following. Toyota Prius – The biggest contender in the hybrid industry. It has been faithfully performing and surpassing expectations since 1997. Its never the best looking but it makes up in performance and saving. In Conclu Conclusion sion Transportation technology continues to advance with a possible autonomous vehicle soon to come. Despite these advancements, country laws still require adjusting if the technology used today and intended for tomorrow is to progress. Use of Tec Technology hnology in Purchasing Technology has also made the buying and selling of goods and services so flexible and a lot safer. With the introduction e-payment systems, users can easily purchase anything online without leaving the comfort of their homes, they no longer need to overly worry about sending credit card information to a vendor. Examples of Technology iinn Purchasing EMV Smart Chips Once upon a time, credit card owners feared losing their cards as the thief merely needed to swipe and fake a signature to empty it. Now Credit Cards with smart chip technology rather than sign a hard copy of the receipt, the chip and pin

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system, instead requires a PIN like an ATM. If the PIN doesn’t match, your purchase doesn’t go through. Thus, this system is more secure. Online Paym Payments ents Provider Providerss Paypal– The most widely used payment provider in the USA. This giant of a provider has allowed for payment at thousands of popular websites without the need to enter your credit card details. Keeping your payment secure and safe. It simply requires an email and password to pay. Google Wallet – Google’s Payment solution, like PayPal, Google simply requires your Google account to pay, not as widely used as PayPal however. In Conclu Conclusion sion Do not worry you can buy that cool shoe or watch online, the technology used daily today is much safer than it was 10 years ago, still be cautious. Telemedicine Telemedicine is defined as the use of telecommunications technology to deliver medical diagnosis and patient care to sites that are distant from the provider.14 This includes health care delivery, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, education and transfer of medical data. Telemedicine uses a large array of technologies to distribute health care and educational services, including plain old telephone service (POTS), cellular systems, integrated services digital network (ISDN), T-1 and T-3 lines, satellite, and terrestrial microwaves. Besides health care delivery, telemedicine is widely used for distance learning and continuing medical education for community health providers who do not have access to information and CME opportunities in an academic setting. Examples include Virtual hospital, a project of the National Laboratory for the Study for Rural Telemedicine at the University of Iowa, which delivers CME course over the Web and VFA Health care Telemedicine which delivers CME conferences to its network members and teaches surgery to undergraduate medical students by Super Janet network. Well-known examples of telemedicine include: teleradiology (radiographic images are transmitted to radiologist for interpretation), telepathology (a pathologist can look down and, in some cases,, control a microscope located several hundred miles away), telepsychiatry (a real-time tele-medicine application that is offered routinely as a service in USA and Australia), and surgical telemedicine (used for post-residency surgical education). From educational perspective, video-conferencing may supplement supervised handson training in the instruction of a new procedure. From a clinical perspective, remote patient evaluation, consultation, triage decision and non-operative treatment are considered acceptable applications of remote surgical practice. 18 11 | P a g e C o p y r i g h t @ 2 0 1 8 K . K a r l I a n / k a r l w o r k x @ g m a i l ...