JOMC141 Final - Lynn Owens PDF

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Lynn Owens...

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Dead Guys Aristotle: Golden mean; think about the two extremes and take the road in between; your virtue ethics play a huge role in decision making Kant: rules guy; categorical imperatives; be honest, tell the whole truth; believes in universal rules; doesn’t take context into account Mill: utilitarianism; greatest good for the greatest number; think about the consequences Ross: 7 prima facia duties: Fidelity Reparation Gratitude Justice Beneficence Self Improvement Not Injuring Others (Nurture) (Veracity) Duty Proper: Moral Obligation Action you take after weighing out the duties Communitarianism: take into account the responsibilities you have for your community; go beyond telling the story as it is, take a step forward and help the community out TARES Truthful? Is the ad truthful? Authentic? Is the ad sincere? More informing Respectful? Does it show respect for its audience? Light of day test? Equity? Would the audience be able to understand the ad with common knowledge? Socially Responsible? Could anyone be harmed from this ad? Would society improve? Bok’s Model Consult your conscience: How do you feel about the action? Seek alternatives/expert advice: Are there alternatives besides this action? Ask someone in a higher position Conduct public discussion: How will the public respond? Potter Box Define the situation Identify your values Identify the principles Choose your loyalties

Royce Slides (Loyalty) “Unless you can find some sort of loyalty, you cannot find unity and peace in your active living.” A single ethical guide Loyalty is a devotion of a person to a cause It’s a choice, the more you exercise loyalty the more ethical you will become Loyalties are necessary in order to become an ethical person Harmony of loyalties: a cause is worthy of loyalty if it harmonizes with the loyalties of others in the community Critiquing Royce: Is it realistic? How do you balance multiple loyalties? What about misplaced loyalties? Contributors to decision-making LEAP Logic Emotion Authority Precedent Doing Situation Ethics: Define the ethical problem: collect facts; id individuals affected, id pros/cons Investigate alternatives: light of day test, consult your conscience, weight key values Consult the rules: Codes of Ethics Consult others: conduct public discussion, list alternatives, veil of ignorance (walk in others shoes) Take action Evaluate and assess: justify action taken, consider the consequences, make any changes, self-reflection, ID new ethical situations Moral Development: Know Kohlberg & Gilligan’s stages of development Kohlberg: Level 1: Preconventional Mortality Stage 1: O & P Obedience and Punishment: simple obedience to avoid punishment Stage 2: I Individualism: Rules followed if they are in your self-interest Level 2: Conventional Mortality Stage 3: IC

Interpersonal Conformity: living up to what others expect Stage 4: MSO Maintaining Social Order: understanding the bigger picture as to why rules exist Level 3: Postconventional Mortality Stage 5: SC & IR Social Contract and Individual Rights: understanding laws provide greatest good for greatest number, but life and liberty stand above this Stage 6: UEP Universal Ethical Principles: Self-selected ethical principles guide you and trump law Gilligan: 1st Stage: The self is cared for to the exclusion of the other 2nd Stage: The other is cared for to the exclusion of the self 3rd Stage: The needs of both self and other are understand (moral maturity) Truth through the years: Ancient Greeks – Pragmatists Ancient Greeks: pass down the stories orally and become the truth Plato: truth abides in the world of perfect forms, captured the best we can only through intellect; allegory of the cave Medieval: what king, church, God says is the truth Milton; believed in the coexistence of competing notions of truth; truth comes from the marketplace of ideas Marketplace of ideas: untruths can reinforce the value of truth, learn from your mistakes; what’s true now may be disproved later Enlightenment: truth can only be found by facts that you can verify; scientific method; objectivity, verifiability important Pragmatism: reality is varied based on psychological, social, historical, or cultural context Framing: how we organize perspectives and choose to view reality Persuasion Media acts like a hypodermic needle/magic bullet sending a message to an unresisting audience People strain towards cognitive balance; we are most comfortable when all of our beliefs, actions, attitudes, and relationships are in harmonysymmetry Cognitive dissonance: the state where a message and an action give conflicting and uncomfortable signals Media vs. Strat Com: Objectivity vs. Advocacy Strat Com: Follows news routines, employs news values, and cultivates relationships

Privacy 2-5 Legal vs. Ethical Legal aspects of privacy: Intrusion Public disclosure of embarrassing facts False light publicity Misappropriation of a person’s name or likeness for personal advantage Just because something is legal, does not make it ethical; Law is not a good framework to use in order to make ethical choices Privacy vs. Secrecy Secrecy: blocking info intentionally to prevent others from learning, possessing, using, or revealing it Privacy: determining who will have access to your information Circles of Intimacy You You and one other (spouse) You and close friends (family, friends, confidants) You and casual acquaintances (co-workers, classmates) Public Invasion of privacy occurs when your control over your circles of intimacy is taken from you by people or institutions Right to know: open meetings/open records lawswe have a legal right to this///mug shots, who got arrested Need to know: Information that allows us to function effectively day to day, allows citizens to go about their daily lives in society Want to know: feeds our curiosity///TMZ Diversity: Study 2, 5, 6 Diversity: cover all segments of the audience fairly and adequately News organizations do not “look like” the society they cover Management can change hiring patterns Journalists should “think diversity” regardless of their own background Mirroring the community is not enough to show diversity; Media must go further than incorporating civil rights, immigration, and race issues What is Diversity? Numerical: representative of minorities Minority employment/recruiting goals Intellectual: culture of the organization Think like the community Cover the community accurately Why is diversity necessary?

Globalization of businesses Trends in target marketing Minority buying power It’s the right thing to do Mass Media in Democracy: Study slides 3, 5, 6, 7 Test for Political Relevance Is the info useful? Does it provide citizens the kind of info that helps individual and collective decision-making? Is the information sufficient? Is there enough info and enough depth to allow people to make informed choices? Is the info trustworthy? Who is the audience? SPJ’s Guide to Covering Politics Disclose unavoidable conflicts Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable Distinguish between advocacy and news reporting. Analysis and commentary should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or context Recognize a special obligation to ensure that the public’s business is conducted in the open and that government records are open to inspection Political Ads Ads are a leading source of campaign info Effect of Political Attack Ads Viewers who are overexposed are not as affected by attack ads Viewers who lean toward the news media for info tend to dismiss negative ads overall Positive commercials motivate people to research political issues Feel good ads that contain little or no info may spark viewers’ curiosity, so they seek answers elsewhere Incentive to negative ads: news media often discuss the ad, giving it more free airtime

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