K204 lecture notes and study guide PDF

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Information Age period in history where the production, distribution, and control of information is the primary driver of the economy Digital Revolution the conversion from mechanical and analogue devices to digital devices Bell's Law states digital devices will evolve so quickly that they will enable new platforms, programming environments, industries, networks, and information systems every 10 years Moore's Law states the number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months Metcalfe's Law states the value of a network is equal to the square number of users connected to it Nielson's Law states network connection speeds for high-end users will increase 50% per year Kryder's Law states storage density on magnetic disks is increasing at an exponential rate Abstract Reasoning is the ability to make and manipulate models Systems Thinking is the ability to model the components of the system to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole that reflects the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon observed Collaboration is the activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal Experimentation is making a reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential solutions, evaluating those possibilities, and developing the most promising ones, consistent with the resources you have Management Information Systems the management and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies Information Systems is an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people Information Technology refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards used for the purpose of producing information Five-Component Framework a model of the components of an information system: computer, hardware, software, data procedures, and people Information the knowledge derived from data Managerial Decisions decisions about the allocation and utilization of resources Strategic Decisions decisions that support broad-scope, organizational issues Structured Decision

process is one for which there is an understood and accepted method to make a decision Unstructured Decision process is one for which there is no agreed on decision making method Problem perceived difference between what is and what ought to be Virtual Meetings in which participants do not meet in the same place and possibly not at the same time Screen-Sharing Applications enable users to view the same white board, application, or other display Webinar a virtual meeting in which attendees view one of the attendees' computer screen for a more formal and organizational presentation Videoconferencing everyone meets via computer Version Management track changes to documents and provide features and functions to accommodate concurrent work Version Control the process that occurs when the collaboration tool limits and sometimes even directs, user activity Libraries shared documents placed into shared directories Workflow Control manage activities in a predefined process Power Curve a graph that shows the relationship of the power The two key characteristics of collaboration are: A. Organization and enthusiasm B. Iteration and feedback C. Listening and an open mind D. Timeliness and self-management B. Iteration and feedback What are the four primary purposes of collaborative teams? A. Become informed, make decisions, solve problems, manage projects B. Solve issues, conduct projects, work together, use technology C. Discover problems, split up tasks, work efficiently, reach solutions D. Be efficient, produce new ideas, solve problems, use technology A. Become informed, make decisions, solve problems, manage projects What is the most important quality to have as a collaborator? A. Being nice B. Being knowledgeable about the business world C. Being able to give and receive critical feedback D. Being organized C. Being able to give and receive critical feedback What are the four phases of collaboration? A. Starting, Planning, Doing, Finalizing B. Thinking, Talking, Acting, Completing

C. Talking, Working, Discussing, Revising D. None of above A. Starting, Planning, Doing, Finalizing What type of decision requires the most collaboration? A. Managerial B. Operational C. Strategic D. None of above C. Strategic Five Forces Model five competitive forces determine industry profitability: bargaining power of customers, threat of substitution, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, and rivalry among existing firms Competitive Strategy creating will help organizations respond to the structure of the industry Value as the amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service Value Chain network of value creating activities Linkages interactions across value activities Business Process network of activities that generate value by transforming inputs into outputs Activity is a business function that receives inputs and produces outputs Repository collection of something Switching Costs organizations can lock in customers by making it difficult or expensive for customers to switch to another product Which of these is one of Porter's 5 forces that determine industry structure? A. Inbound logistics B. Customer service C. Threat of new entrants D. Differentiation C. Threat of new entrants Transforming inputs into the final products describes which primary activity? A. Operations/manufacturing B. Outbound logistics C. Customer service D. Sales and marketing When a company tries to offer the same products at a lower cost they are trying to __________ a customer's buyer power. A. Increase B. Decrease C. Maintain D. None B. Decrease

The automobile industry is characterized by many manufacturers and intense competition among them. This statement refers to ________. A. Low threat of substitutions B. High bargaining power of suppliers C. High levels of rivalry D. Low bargaining power of customers C. High levels of rivalry Which of the following value chain activities involves collecting, storing, and physically distributing the product to buyers? A. Inbound logistics B. Customer service C. Operations D. Outbound logistics D. Outbound logistics Structured Query Language is an international standard language for processing a database Database Administration involves a wide variety of activities and provides database security Database Application is a collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs Graphical Queries in which query criteria are created when user clicks on the graphic Lost Update Problem exemplifies one of the special characteristics of multi-user database processing Data Model before developing the database developers construct a logical representation of the database data Entity Relationship Model is a tool for constructing data models Entity something that users want to track Attributes describe the characteristics of an entity Identifier an attribute whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance 1:N one to many relationships N:M many to many relationships Normalization is the process of converting a poorly structured table into two or more well structured tables Data Integrity Problem problems that can produce incorrect or inconsistent results The sales manager of a firm wants to generate a particular report containing sales analyses of the second and third quarter of the year. After accessing the DBMS, she should type the keywords (criteria) into a ________ to obtain the information that she wants. A. Report B. Reference

C. Data entry D. Query D. Query A _____________ is a logical representation of a database that describes the data and relationships that will be stored in the database. A. Data model B. Crow's feet diagram C. Database design schema D. Requirements document A. Data model Which type of relationship would be necessary to have between the Employee and Sales entities in a grocery store database? A. N:M B. 1:N C. 1:1 D. M:M B. 1:N In a data model, a(n) ________ is something that a user wants to track. A. Record B. Byte C. Entity D. Primary Key C. Entity A student management system allows students to have multiple majors and advisers are assigned to handle multiple students and courses. This is an example of a(n) ________ relationship. A. 1:N B. 1:01 C. N:M D. M:1 C. N:M Cloud the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the Internet Elastic the computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically Personal Area Network connects devices located around a single person Local Area Network connects computers that reside in a single geographic location on premises of the company that operates the LAN Wide Network Area connects computers at different geographic locations Internet a network of networks Intranet private internet used exclusively with an organization Protocol a set of rules and data structures for organizing communication Bluetooth another common wireless protocol used to make PAN connections

Cable Lines provide high-speed data transmission using cable television lines Hop movement from one network to another Domain Name worldwide unique name that is affiliated with a public IP address IP Address number that identifies a particular device Public IP Address identify a particular device on the public internet Private IP Address identify a particular device on a private network Three Tier Architecture a design of user computers and servers that consist of three categories or tiers User Tier consists of computers, phones, and other mobile devices that have browsers that request and process web pages Server Tier consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs Database Tier consists of computers that run on DBMS that processes requests to retrieve and store data Commerce Server an application program that runs on a server tier computer Hypertext Transfer Protocol protocol used between browsers and web servers Content Delivery Network is a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes those data available on demand Virtual Private Network uses the Internet to create the appearance of private and secure connections Private Cloud is a cloud owned and operated by and organization for its own benefit Virtual Private Cloud is a subset of a public cloud that has highly restricted secure access Structured Processes are formally defined, standardized processes that involve day-to-day operations Dynamic Processes are flexible, informal, and adaptive processes Workgroup Processes exists to enable workgroups to fulfill the character, purpose, and goals of a particular group or department Workgroup Information System exists to support one or more processes within the workgroup, also known as functional information systems Functional Application the program component of a functional information system Enterprise Processes span an organization and support activities in multiple departments Enterprise Information Systems

support one or more enterprise processes Inter-Enterprise Processes span two or more independent organizations Inter-Enterprise Information Systems support one or more inter-enterprise processes Process Efficiency measure of the ratio of process outputs to inputs Process Effectiveness measure of how well a process achieves organizational strategy Information Silo is the condition that exist when data are isolated in separated information systems Business Process Reengineering is the activity of altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of new information systems Inherent Processes predesigned procedures for using software products, saved organizations from the expense, delays, and risks of business process reengineering Customer Relationship Management System a suite of applications, a database, and a set of inherent processes for managing all the interactions with the customer Customer Life Cycle marketing, customer acquisition, relationship management, and loss/churn Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) a suite of applications called modules, a database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform Enterprise Application Integration software applications that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together Trigger is a computer program stored within the database that runs to keep the database consistent when certain conditions arise Stored Procedure is a computer program stored in the database that is used to enforce business rules Self-Efficacy a person's belief that he or she can be successful at his or her job Distributive Systems application processing is distributed across multiple computing devices Which phase of the customer life cycle focuses on increasing the value of existing customers by selling them more products? A. Marketing B. Customer acquisition C. Relationship management D. Loss/churn C. Relationship Management The centerpiece of an ERP application is the: A. Database B. Sales application C. Relationship management application D. Human resources application A. Database

Which of the following is an effective technique to overcome employee resistance when implementing new enterprise systems? A. Giving employees ultimatums and deadlines B. Paying employees outright and transitioning to the new system C. Coercing employees to learn the new system D. Training employees on the successful use of the new system D. Training employees on the successful use of the new system The process a company goes through to determine whether or not to invest in a new location is a ____________ process. A. Structured B. Dynamic C. Difficult D. Strategic B. Dynamic ________ is a major task when implementing enterprise systems. A. Virtualization B. Encapsulation C. Gap identification D. Data duplication C. Gap identification Social Media (SM) is the use of information technology to support the sharing of content among network users Communities groups of people related to a common interest Social Media Information System an information system that supports the sharing of content among networks of users Social Media Providers provide platforms to enable the creation of social networks Social Networks social relationship among people with the same common interest Users include both individual and organizations that use SM sites to build social relationship Viral Hook some inducement, such as a prize or other reward, for passing communications through the tiers Content Data is data and responses to data that are contributed by users Connection Data data about relationships Crowdsourcing the dynamic social media process of employing users to participate in product design or product redesign Capital as the investment of resources for future profit Human Capital the investment in human knowledge and skills for future profit Social Capital the investment in social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace

Value of Social Capital determined by the number of relationships in a social network, by the strength of those relationships, and by the resources controlled by those related Influencer an opinion that forces change Strength of a Relationship is a likelihood that the other entity in the relationship will do something that benefits the organization Freemium revenue model offers users a basic service for free then charges them premium Ad-Blocking Software to filter out advertising content and rarely if ever seen Internet ads Metrics measurements used to track performance Vanity Metrics metrics that don't improve your decision Bounce Rate the percent of people who visit your Web site then immediately leave Competitive Analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses in your competitors' use of social media Enterprise Social Network a software platform that uses social media to facilitate cooperative work of people within an organization Folksonomy content structure that emerges from the processing of many user tags Communication Channels means of delivering messages Social media fundamentally changes the balance of power among users, communities and organizations essentially because of its dynamic nature. A. True B. False A. True An example of a social media service that is a 'freemium' is A. LinkedIn B. Facebook C. Twitter D. Instagram A. LinkedIn A way of increasing and strengthening social capital for an individual's professional life could be A. Endorsing a colleague on LinkedIn B. Using an online dating service C. Being a troll on Facebook D. Joining a fan club A. Endorsing a colleague on LinkedIn Social media information systems' components differ drastically from other kinds of information systems' components. A. True B. False B. False

Metrics are only valuable when A. their measure indicates that you have reached your goals B. they are vanity metrics C. the metrics are maximized D. they have no effect on your decisions A. their measure indicates that you have reached your goals Business Intelligence Systems information systems that process operational, social, and other data to identify patterns, relationships, and trends for use by business professionals and other knowledge workers Business Intelligence patterns, relationships, and trends with a business intelligence system BI Application software component of a BI system Decision Support Systems synonym for decision-making BI systems Data Acquisition the process of obtaining, cleaning, organizing, relating, and cataloging source data BI Analysis the process of creating business intelligence Publish Results the process of delivering business intelligence to the knowledge workers who need it Push Publishing delivers business intelligence to users without any request from the users Pull Publishing requires the user to request BI results Data Warehouse a facility for managing an organization's BI data Granularity refers to the level of detail represented by the data Data Mart is a data collection, smaller than a data warehouse Reporting Application is a BI application that inputs data from one or more sources and applies reporting operation to that data to produce business intelligence RFM Analysis a technique readily implemented with basic reporting operations, is used to analyze and rank customers according to their purchasing patterns Online Analytical Processing a type of reporting application Measure the data item of interest Dimension is a characteristic of a measure Drill Down to divide the data into more detail Data Mining is the application of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data for classification and prediction Cluster Analysis

used to find groups of similar customers from customer order demographic data Unsupervised Data Mining analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis Supervised Date Mining data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model Regression Analysis measures the effect of a set of variables on another variable Neural Networks another popular supervised data mining application used to predict values and make classifications Market Basket Analysis an unsupervised data mining technique for determining sales patterns, shows what customers tend to buy together Support the probability that two items will be purchased together BigData term used to describe data collections that are characterized by huge volume, rapid velocity, and great variety Knowledge Management the process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need that capital Content Management Systems information systems that support the management and delivery of documents A low inventory report that is automatically generated when the number of items reaches a certain number is an example of___________. A. Push publishing B. Pull publishing C. Automated publishing D. BI publishing A. Push publishing ________ is defined as information containing patterns, relationships, and trends. A. Process mining B. Business process management C. Business intelligence D. Spatial intelligence C. Business intelligence How does kn...