KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA THRISSUR CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT STUDY OF FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM PDF

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA THRISSUR CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT STUDY OF FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPS SUBMITTED BY: NARENDRAN P XII – C REGISTRATION NO. : CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT NARENDRAN P OF CLASS XII C HAS SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED THE CHEMISTRY PROJECT ENTITLED ‘STUDY OF ...

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA THRISSUR

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT STUDY OF FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPS SUBMITTED BY: NARENDRAN P XII – C REGISTRATION NO. :

CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT NARENDRAN P OF CLASS XII C HAS SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED THE CHEMISTRY PROJECT ENTITLED ‘STUDY OF FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPS’ PRESCRIBED BY THE CENTRAL BOARD OF SECOND0ARY EDUCATION FOR THE AISSCE DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-18.

SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL

:

SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER IN CHARGE :

SIGNATURE OF THE EXTERNAL EXAMINER :

DECLARATION This is to certify that the annual project report entitled STUDY OF FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPS submitted to Kendriya Vidyalaya Thrissur is a record of annual project work done by me during the period of study in the school under the supervision of Mrs. Nissy Sebastian.

Signature of the candidate :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I place my record, my profound gratitude to the principal of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Thrissur for granting me all the facilities for completion of my project. It gives me a great pleasure to express my gratitude towards our chemistry teacher Mrs. Nissy Sebastian for guidance, support and encouragement throughout the duration of the project. Without her motivation and help, successful completion of this project would not have been possible. I also thank my fellow teammates Neeraja V, Roshini Rajesh and V Shriraag for their support and cooperation. Above all, I express my thankfulness and praise the almighty for his blessings throughout his work.

INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 2. AIM 3. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 4. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 5. THEORY 6. PROCEDURE 7. OBSERVATION 8.CALCULATIONS 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

AIM TO STUDY THE FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPS

Objective of project The objective of this project is to compare the foaming capacities and foam stability of different samples of soaps and hence to determine the best brand among them.

INTRODUCTION Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. The higher fatty acids may be such as stearic acid (C17H35COOH), palmitic acid (C15H31COOH). A soap molecule has a lipophilic (oil soluble) part and a hydrophilic (water soluble) part. Soaps are used for washing purposes. When soap is shaken with water, it produces foam which is responsible for removal of dirt. A soap which produces more foam is more effective in cleaning. The cleaning action of soap can be explained by keeping in mind that a soap molecule contains a non-polar lipophilic group and a polar hydrophilic group. The dirt is held on the surface of clothes by the oil or grease which is present there. When soap is applied, the non-polar alkyl group dissolves in oil droplets while the polar –COO-Na+ group remains dissolved in water. In this way, each oil droplet is surrounded by negative charge. These negatively charged oil droplets cannot coalesce and a stable emulsion is formed. These oil droplets containing dirt particles can be washed away with water.

Long Hydrocarbon Chain (Hydrophobic end)

Hydrophilic end

MATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipments:  200 ml beaker

 Watch glass  Weighing machine  250 ml measuring cylinder  Stop-watch  Different samples of soaps  Distilled water  Glass rod

THEORY There is no quantitative method for the determination of foaming capacity of soap. However, the foaming capacity of different soaps can be compared qualitatively by the following way. Solutions of different soapsare prepared by dissolving their equal weights in equal volumes of distilled water. These solutions are shaken vigorously to produce foam and then they are allowed to stand. The volume of the foam produced initially is noted and compared as well as volume of foam remaining after a specific amount of time for each solution is also noted.The greater the quantity of foam produced in a given sample of soap, greater is its foaming capacity and longer the time taken for disappearance of foam, greater is its foam stability.

Foaming capacity = (Foam volume/initial sample volume)*100%

Foam stability = (Foam volume after 30min/initial foam volume)*100%

PROCEDURE 1. Weigh 1g of each of the different samples of soapsprovided to you in a watch glass. 2. Dissolve each of these weighed samples in distilled water separately, in different beakers to form a total of 200ml solution. Label the solutions as 1,2,3,4 etc. 3. Stir the sample thoroughly with a glass rod to produce foam. 4. Pour the solution into a 250 ml measuring cylinder. 5. Measure the amount of foam present in the measuring cylinder and note down the readings. 6. After 30 minutes, note down the final readings in a tabular form. 7. Repeat the above steps for all the samples provided to you.

Observation Weight of the each soap sample taken = 1g Volume of the solution after mixing the soap sample to the water = 200mL, for each sample taken Observation Table: S. No.

Brand of soap

Initial reading Initial volume of Final reading Final volume of Decrease in foam foam volume of foam Lower Upper Lower Upper (after 30 min) after 30 min

Liquid dishwasher 1. Vim 200 2. Pril 200 3. Bizz 200 Hand wash soap 1. Wonderspa 200 2. Dettol 200 3. Lifebuoy 200 Shampoo 1. Himalaya 200 2. Sunsilk 200 3. Dheedhi 200

232 240 270

32ml 40ml 70ml

200 200 200

224 232 240

24ml 32ml 40ml

8ml 8ml 30ml

222.5 262.5 230

22.5ml 62.5ml 30ml

200 200 200

207.5 215 212.5

7.5ml 15ml 12.5ml

15ml 47.5ml 17.5ml

250 242.5 232.5

50ml 42.5ml 32.5ml

200 200 200

242.5 235 227.5

42.5ml 35ml 27.5ml

7.5ml 7.5ml 5ml

CALCULATIONS Foaming capacity = (initial volume of foam/ initial volume of sample solution)*100 Foam stability = (final volume of foam/ initial volume of foam)*100 Foaming capacity of – 1. Vim = 16

6. Lifebuoy = 15

2. Pril = 20

7. Himalaya = 25

3. Bizz = 35

8. Sunsilk = 21.25

4. Wonderspa = 11.25

9. Dheedhi = 16.25

5. Dettol = 31.25 Foam stability of – 1. Vim = 75

6. Lifebuoy = 41.67

2. Pril = 80

7. Himalaya = 85

3. Bizz = 57.14

8. Sunsilk = 82.35

4. Wonderspa = 33.33

9. Dheedhi = 84.61

5. Dettol = 24

Result Among liquid dishwashers, Pril has maximum foaming capacity and Pril has maximum foam stability. Best liquid dishwasher brand among these is Pril. Among hand wash soaps, Dettol has maximum foaming capacity and Lifebuoy has maximum foam stability. Best hand wash soap brand among these is Dettol. Among shampoos, Himalaya has maximum foaming capacity and Himalaya has maximum foam stability. Best shampoo brand among these is Himalaya.

Conclusion The soap that makes more volume of foam has the highest foaming capacity and that which takes more time to disappear, has maximum foam stability. The soap with maximum foaming capacity and maximum foam stability is the best quality soap or detergent among the samples tested. If foaming capacity is high and foam stability is low or foam stability is high and foaming capacity is low, we draw the conclusion that soap with higher foaming capacity is the better soap.

BIBLOGRAPHY INTERNET 1. www.google.co.in 2. www.icbse.com 3. www.youtube.com BOOKS 1. Comprehensive practical chemistry...