Key word list Lab 8 - Heart and EKG Updated PDF

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Key word list Lab 8 - Heart and EKG Updated...

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Key word list You will use each of these words at least once in your lab answers. You will be graded on the appropriate use of the word despite where you place it. All answers, regardless of using key words or not, should strive for correctness. Please bold the word/phrase in your answer to assist us with identification. Lab 8 – Heart and EKG 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Electrical activity Mechanical contraction Toward an electrode P wave and QRS complex and T wave Downward deflection Arrhythmias Delay / “lag” Depolarization Atrial cardiac muscle Ventricular cardiac muscle Repolarization Lead I vs. Lead II vs Lead III Heart rate Away from an electrode Upward deflection

Legend / = either word or phrase is acceptable Or = one of the words/phrases is used but not all of them. Vs. = determine one or the other in your response And = both terms could be used somewhere

Variations of words with similar meaning AND used correctly are acceptable.

Key points to remember - Know that instructors can audit your preparation sheet at any time during lab. - You can answer your questions either on paper, or on your computer. - While either way is fine, your portion must be produceable for us here on site. Question person 1. Provide preliminary answers to 2 questions for the EKG lab? Which is the correct summation of the upper two arrows? (question 1) A What events generate the P wave, QRS complex and T wave? (question 3) P wave is generated by right and left atrial depolarization. The QRS complex reflects the current associated with the right and left ventricular depolarization. The T represents the current of rapid phase 3 ventricular repolarization. 2. Provide 2 resources on EKG electrode placement that show variation or may conflict with each other. https://ecg.utah.edu/lesson/1 http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/live/owork/US-State-2017/presentations-nurse/BRK %2011%20Klein%2012%20Lead%20ECG%20interpretation%20v2.pdf

3. What are the typical time frames for the PR Interval, QRS complex, and ST Interval? What does a prolonged PR interval indicate? PR interval is the time interval from onset of atrial depolarization to onset of ventricular depolarization. This should be between 0.12-0.20 seconds. The QRS complex takes between 0.08 and 0.1 seconds. The ST interval takes about 0.005 to 0.150 seconds. A prolonged PR interval indicates delayed conduction of the nodal impulse to the ventricles and is called 1st degree AV block 4. Please provide a working definition for 8 key words. Electrical activity: the study of the electrical properties of biological cells, tissues and organs. It includes measurements of change in voltage or electric current on a far-ranging variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to entire organs like the heart. Mechanical contraction: contraction coupling was coined to describe the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to a mechanical response. P wave: a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria

QRS complex: is a name for the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). It is usually the central and most visually obvious part of the tracing; in other words, it's the main spike seen on an ECG line. T wave- Represents the repolarization of the ventricles. Arrhythmia- a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm. Depolarization- depolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell. Atrial cardiac muscle- Cardiomyocytes make up the atria (the chambers in which blood enters the heart) Lead I: RA (-) to LA (+) (Right Left, or lateral) Lead II: RA (-) to LL(+) (Superior inferior) Lead III: LA (-) to LL (+) (Superior Inferior)

5. Please explain why different waves of the EKG are an upward deflection in some leads and downward in others? There are some deflection on an EKG that are upward or downward due to depolarization. The depolarization moving toward the side of lead causes a positive deflection, or an upward deflection. The depolarization moving away form the lead direction causes a negative deflection, or downward deflection. 6. In the “Attaching EKG Electrodes” activity, where are the 3 electrodes placed on the participant’s body? (Be specific as to the body part/area and whether it is a positive, negative or ground electrode.) The three electrodes were placed on the skin. The positive electrode was on the left wrist, the negative electrode is on the right wrist and the ground electrode is on the right leg 7. Where will V1, V2, V4 and V6 electrodes be placed on the chest during the 12 lead ECG activity? Be specific as to anatomical sites. The fourth intercostal space between ribs 4 and 5 to the right of the sternum is where V1 goes. V2 is in line with V1 but on the opposite side of the sternum. Along the 4th intercostal space until the midclavicular line, then down to the 5th intercostal space between 5 and 6 is where v4 goes. V6 is in the 5 th intercostal space in the middle of the armpit. 8. The typical cardiac vector would be which of the following? a. Downward and towards the right side of the heart. b. Downward and towards the left side of the heart. c. Upward and towards the right side of the heart. d. Upward and towards the left side of the heart. 9. Explain what the “mean cardiac vector” is in 1 sentence.

The mean cardiac vector is seen when the atria is depolarized, the wave of depolarization spreads across the muscle mass in different directions. If a snapshot of electrical activity could be taken at a given instant during the process of depolarization, many individual waves of depolarization represented by arrows could be observed (black arrows in figure). Each arrow represents a different individual vector representing depolarization. The mean electrical vector for all the individual vectors. This mean electrical vector represents the sum of all of the individual vectors at a given instant in time.

Dressing for easy electrode placement. While we will only need 1 person per group to be hooked up to the 12 lead EKG, be ready in case it has to be you. Guys – be able/willing to remove t-shirt for electrode placement. We will have a privacy screen in the back of the room available. Ladies – Be sure to wear a sports bra underneath your shirt. We will have a private room available with a female instructor to assist you when applying the electrodes....