Lab 13 and 15 - lab assignment from mastering astronomy website PDF

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lab assignment from mastering astronomy website...

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Lucas Kalscheur Astronomy Labs Ch 13&14 4/7/19 Chapter 13

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

It depends on the temperature and the size No, although it would absorb more sunlight it would emit more thermal radiation If a planet is rotating faster, it will fluctuate the temperature a lot less. Earth is about 7.1 C and Mercury is about 165.9 C The temperatures are not meaningful for Earth or Mercury because it is assuming that all radiation is absorbed. 6) It isn’t taking into account the radiation being emitted or Venus atmosphere. 7) Albedo: plants reflectivity. Earth’s albedo is an average because of all the water on the surface. 8) Venus because it has white clouds that blanket the planet. 9) The more reflection the less radiation is being absorbed making the planet colder and vice versa. 10) The atmosphere, the reflectivity, and the distance from the sun 11) Carbon dioxide and H20 12) Venus has carbon dioxide and rich atmosphere.

LAB: Planet

Albedo

R (AU)

co2

h2o

Temp (C)

Realistic

Mercury

.12

.39

0

0

54.5

yes

Venus

.75

.72

65000

0

747

yes

Earth

.30

1

1

1

46.2

yes

Mars

.16

.16

13

0

354.8

yes

.How would you expect surface temperature to vary with a planet’s distance from the Sun? Does it vary in this way? Explain why or why not. The closer a planet is to the sun should increase the temperature, but it doesn’t because of the greenhouse gases and reflectivity.

How would you expect surface temperature to vary with atmospheric content of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide (greenhouse gases)? Does it vary in this way? Explain why or why not. You would think the higher the number of greenhouse gases would make the planet hotter.

How would you expect surface temperature to vary with albedo? Does it vary in this way? Explain why or why not. The more albedo the lower the temperature but Venus shows this is not true due to its atmosphere.

Chapter 15 Core, radiation zone, convection zone, and photosphere. 15 million Surface: 100,000 Pressure greatest in the center due to gravitational The energy is proportional to the temperature of the gas. Convection currents- hot rises, cools, falls. Gravitational equilibrium – the higher you are the more pressure. 5) The main difference between planets and stars is nuclear fusion occurring in stars 6) When the sun loses mass, the mass-energy is converted into other forms of energy such as light. 7) The sun has a lifespan of 10^10 years due to the nuclear fusion occurring in the core. 8) Positron, gamma ray photon, 2 neutrinos. 9) Due to the nucleons being stuck together by a strong nuclear force. This can overcome the repulsive force. 10) Protons tend to repel one another because they both give off positive forces. The nucleus has to be less than 5*10^43M to stick together. 11) The key to getting them to stick together can be achieved by getting them very close together despite their repulsive force. 12) Nuclear fusion only occurs in the core of a star because the mass is great enough to bring pressure on the core causing a rise in temperature.

1) 2) 3) 4)

LAB:

Vary the luminosity while leaving the mass at 1.00. How does varying the luminosity seem to affect the lifetime of a star? The more luminous a star. The long lifespan it will have. Now vary the mass while leaving the luminosity at 1 � 100. How does varying the mass seem to affect the lifetime of a star? The more massive a star is, the shorter their lifespan will be.

A less massive and luminous star should live a LONGER | SHORTER | SIMILAR LIFESPAN than the Sun Shorter

A more massive and luminous star should live a LONGER | SHORTER | SIMILAR LIFESPAN than the Sun

Shorter . Were your predictions correct? Did the results of your tests surprise you? Explain your answers. I predicted the Small luminous star to live longer as it absorbed less, and I thought that would help retain life. The massive luminous star would live shorter since its intakes so much energy...