Lab 7 Respiration - Lab Assignment BIO 132 PDF

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Lab Assignment BIO 132...

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Human Biology, The Grand Tour

Virtual Lab 7: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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Human Biology, The Grand Tour

III. The following exercise will determine the CO2 concentration of expired air For this exercise watch the “Virtual Respiration Lab: Carbon Dioxide Levels” . This dye is red at basic pH and yellow in acid. You will want to consider the equations below, and how it affects pH levels.

H+ + HCO3- = H2CO3 = CO2 + H20

CO2 + H20 = H2CO3 = H+ + HCO3-

Experiment #1: regular breaths (tidal breaths) The subject breathed normally for six breaths. Then exhale into the straw in the beaker for 30 seconds. What color change do you observe? Did the solution become more basic or acidic? The color changed from a deep red to a light orange tint. The solution seemed to become slightly more acidic, but not completely. How does this observation connect with the equations above?

Experiment #2: rapid breaths The subject breathed rapidly and deeply for six breaths. Then exhale into the beaker of tap water through a straw for 30 seconds, and record the color. What color change do you observe? Did the solution become more basic or acidic than exp 1? The color changed from a deep red to a much lighter orange tint than in the first experiment. This means that this solution was more acidic than the first solution. Are the results different from what you observed in #1? Did you expect this answer? Explain. It seems that the results from the second experiment were fairly similar to the first one. The only difference was that the orange tint was a little lighter and clearer than the first. I expected a much Page 2 of 6

Human Biology, The Grand Tour

higher and significant difference between the first two experiments because of the excess of carbon dioxide leaving the body in at a faster rate. Experiment #3: breathing into a paper bag The subject breathed deeply into the paper bag six times. Then exhale into the straw for 30 seconds in the beaker. What color change do you observe? The color changed from a deep red to about the same color orange as the second experiment. Are the results different from what you observed in Experiment #1?) Why/why not? Explain your answer. This solution turned out to be almost the same difference in the second experiment in comparison to the first experiment. It could be because the paper bag still allowed some of the carbon dioxide to escape from the bag just enough to make the solution acidic with the exhale rate but not as much to make a major difference in regard to the color changing. Experiment #4: deep breaths. The subject breathed deeply six times. Then exhale into the straw for 30 seconds in the beaker. What color change do you observe? The color changed from a deep red to very light orange/yellow color. Are the results different from what you observed in Experiment #1?) Why/why not? Explain your answer. This experiment made a drastic change much faster than the first one did. The color made an obvious change, which means that the solution became more acidic quicker than before. This actually wasn’t what I was expecting because the previous experiments looked as though they were ending with the same or similar results, which this one was not the case. 2. The effects of CO2 retention and loss on respiratory rate. a. Rest and breathe normally for two minutes. Then inhale and hold your breath for as long as you can, and estimate the amount of time you could hold your breath.

How long did you hold your breath? (Normal Breathing) subject1

1 minute & 15 seconds

b. Breathe rapidly and deeply for six breaths. Then inhale and hold your breath for as long as you can, while your partner times you. Page 3 of 6

Human Biology, The Grand Tour

How long did you hold your breath? (Rapid & Deep Breathing) subject1 37 seconds Are the results different from what you observed in (a)? It was harder for me to hold my breath from breathing rapidly to none at all. It felt like my heart was beating harder and harder and I was just short of breath. Why/why not? Explain your answer. The pressure and the rate of my heart play a bigger factor after the long and heavy breaths in comparison to normal tidal breaths. When it was tidal breaths, it was much easier to hold it because the heart was already in control of itself and didn’t have to calm down to a normal pace. c. If you were to breathe rapidly into a paper bag six time, how do you think that would affect your ability to hold your breath? Your breath becomes shorter, you may feel a bit lightheaded, and it’s more difficult to control because the pressure is high within your lungs. The come down from rapidly breathing takes a bit to slow down your heart rate in order to regain the breath control. III. For part III, use the virual lab tissue slide tour on respiratory tissues a. Sketch a section of a tissue slide that contains bronchiole tissue. It’s ok to take a photo of a hand-drawn sketch and attach it to this document.

b. Sketch a section of a tissue slide that contains bronchiole tissue. It’s ok to take a photo of a hand-drawn sketch and attach it to this document.

c. What type of epithelial tissue lines the alveoli? Bronchioles are line by simple cuboidal epithelium d. What type of cartilage tissue lines the trachea? Pseudostratified epithelium IV. Lab Review 1. What is the respiratory system? a. The body's breathing system b. The body's system of nerves c. The body's food-processing system d. The body's blood-transporting system Page 4 of 6

Human Biology, The Grand Tour 2. What is another name for the windpipe? a. Lungs b. Larynx c. Trachea d. Esophagus 3. Alveoli contain simple columnar epithelial cells through which gases can easily be exchanged. T / F . 4The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in the form of carbaminohemoglobin. T / F 4. Doctors recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following occurs as air is drawn though the nose? a. Air is dried b. CO2 is removed from the air c. Air is warmed d. Air is filtered e. Air is warmed and filtered

5. Which of the following best fits the path that air takes within the respiratory system. a trachea b bronchiole c pharynx d alveoli e larynx A. ecbad B. caedb C. bdace D. caebd E. ceabd

6. a. b. c. d. e.

Inspiration involves: flattening of the diaphragm, expansion of the rib cage raising of the diaphragm, relaxation of the rib cage flattening of the rib cage only raising of the rib cge only None of the choices are correct

7. Gases flow from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure T/F 8. During inspiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing the volume of the chest cavity to decrease T/F 9. Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that increase/decrease the production of mucus and increase/decrease the activity of cilia in the trachea. 10. The muscles involved in respiration include the intercostal muscles located between the ribs and the diaphragm located between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity 11. The opening to the larynx is the

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Human Biology, The Grand Tour Congratulations on completing the Respiration Lab. Make sure to place your worksheet in the proper assignment.

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