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BIOS 101 TA: Alexis April 22, 2015 Lab Report #2 Introduction: Competition occurs when individuals living in the same group require the same resources, such as prey, water, light, and nutrients. There are two types of competition. In exploitation competition, every individual use the same resources, so that can make one species to die. In interference competition, every individual interferes with other individuals for the survival, and because they compete with each other for the resources they cannot live longer and will die at some point. (Molumby, 151) According to the lab manual, Competition is a sort of interspecific interaction, which shows how species interact with each other differently. There are five other types of interspecific interactions. Neutralism is the most common type of interspecific interaction, and species do not affect with each other. In Commensalism, one species benefits and the other is unaffected. In Amensalism, one species suffers while the other is not affected. Mutualism is the interaction in which when both species benefit from each other. According to the Western Oregon University, carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a given species that can be carried in a community. When species’ population exceeds the capacity of the community, the competition becomes more competitive. In that situation, the strongest species survives while the weakest species dies.

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Results:

Euglena Density Density (cells/mL)

300 250 200 Euglena Sp. Alone Euglena Sp. Mix

150 100 50 0 0

7

14

21

28

35

Time (in weeks)

Figure above depicts the density of the Euglena Sp. in both alone and mix culture over five weeks.

Cosmarium Density Density (cells/mL)

250 200 150

Cosmarium Sp. Alone Cosmarium Sp. Mix

100 50 0 0

7

14

21

28

35

Time (in weeks) Figure above depicts the density of the Cosmarium Sp. in both alone and mix culture over five weeks. Euglena Sp., Species 1, that lived in both alone and mix culture were alive thoughout five weeks. During week 3, species in alone decreased but increased again until week 5, so the

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progress of the species was almost consistent. The numbers of species in mix culture was not consistent, it kept increasing and decreasing. Although ups and downs, most of the species survived at the end of week 5. However; the numbers of surviving species in alone culture was a way higher than species living in mix culture. Cosmarium Sp., species 2, also survived throughout the end of week 5. Like Euglena Sp, Species in alone culture kept growing, but some died in week 4 for temporary and grew again by week 5. Also, species in mix culture had ups and downs in the growth, but at the end of week 5, it survived. Like Euglena Sp, there was no case that all species died in both alsone and mix cultures. Discussion: As we predicted, there was a competition between the species in alone cuture. By the end of week 5, both species kept growing and never reduced to zero, therefore, the type of the interspecific interaction was mutualism. As said before, in mutualism, both species benefits each other. Populations of each species grow, survive or reprouce at higher rate (Molumby 151). We probably micounted the numbers of species 1, in alone culture, during week 3 because it only decreased during week 3. Like species 1, we could have miscounted the numbers for speacies 2 as well because it also decreased only in week 4. With both species in mix culture, competition existed. The type of the interspecific interaction was neutralism. Neutralism is the most common type of interspecific interaction and neither population affects the other (Molumby, 151). In both species, population grew and dies throughtout five weeks. No mistakes seems to be made because for both species, the population seemed to grew and died every week.

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Overall, it was a succeddful and fun lab, except for counting the population. However, our group did splendid job at counting the population under the micrescope. Citations: 

(Lab Manual) Molumby, Alan, Dr., and Darrel Murray, Dr. Adventures in Populations and Communities. Eighth ed. N.p.: Stipes, 2007-2014. Print.



Keddy, Paul. "Competition." Competition. N.p., Jan. 2015. Web. 19 Apr. 2015.

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Abel, Daniel. "Population Size." Carrying Capacity. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2015....