Lab report 9, Get Charged PDF

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CHEM 1315 Section 72 04/03/2020 Get Charged Prelab 1. In polyatomic ionic compounds, the atoms are linked together by covalent bonds

and ionic bonds give or take electrons. Covalent bonds are weaker and have a lower melting and boiling point than ionic bonds. 2. The specific instructions are necessary because this glassware can reach very high temperatures which melts the objects under it or can be harmful on skin. Crucibles are different from other glassware because its tendency to heat and cool while being able to show what needs to be observed. 3. I can distinguish the difference between the different forms of copper chloride by recording observations of each substance to identify the forms or by writing down the masses of each. Observations Before heating: ● Part I: ○ Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate: 1.42 g, blue small crystals ● Part II: ○ Water: 22.1 degrees celsius, water is clear ● Part III: ○ Copper chloride hydrate: .97 g, blue small crystals ○ Reaction: brown color After heating: ● Part I: ○ Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate: 39.67 g, substance continued to turn while cooling down ● Part II: ○ Water: 27 degrees celsius, solution turned into a blue tinted clear substance ● Part III: ○ Copper chloride hydrate: 37.86 g, brown coffee ground-like powder ○ Reaction: 37.19 g after being in oven Data Analysis 1. 0.004 moles 2. Mass of Cl = 0.721 g, moles of Cl = 0.2 mol

3. Experimental molar ratio = 1:0.2 4. The components involved in the reaction was water, copper, aluminum wire and HCl. The evidence for the chemical reaction was the formation of bubbles and heat being produced. The reaction occurred between the HCl and the aluminium wire when forming copper. 5. a. An increase in the metal wire mass would indicate the causation of more copper b. A decrease in the metal wire mass would indicate the causation of less copper Discussion 1. Since there are many steps in this experiment, there are going to be room for error. If steps in each part were not done properly, it could have an effect on the measurements obtained. Every measurement after the first error would then be altered. 2. Copper compounds worked with previously is less common than the type used in this experiment. Copper is most known for being used in electric wiring. 3. Since copper is an exception to the Aufbau principle, it has 2 charges. It takes more energy to remove the second electron than it does for the first. 4. The Cu:Cl ratio I found explains that for every 1 copper atom, there is 0.2 chlorine atoms. A non-whole number ratio means that it is not balanced correctly. References 1. Erisman, J. W.; et al. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nature Geoscience . 2008, 1, 636-639. 2. Long, S. R. Rhizobium-Legume Nodulation: Life Together in the Underground. Cell . 1989, 56, 203-214. 3. Nature Education. The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-nitrogen-cycle-processes-playersand-human-15644632 (accessed Feb 21, 2016) 4. Galloway, J. N.; et al. Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry . 2004, 70, 153-226....