Lab Report Atterberg Limits PDF

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ECG 263: SOIL ENGINEERING LABORATORYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING STUDIESDIPLOMA INCIVIL ENGINEERING UiTM CAWANGAN SARAWAKKAMPUS SAMARAHANOEL LEVEL: 01LAB NO. :LAB TITLE :INSTRUCTOR :DATE CONDUCTED :Student ID Name of Group Members2019429178 ANIS ZAFIRAH BINTI KIPPERAWI2019878608 AZLIN BINTI FRANCIS NAIR20...

Description

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING STUDIES UiTM CAWANGAN SARAWAK KAMPUS SAMARAHAN2

ECG 263: SOIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 0

OEL LEVEL:

1

2

LAB NO. :

GROUP : ATTERBERG LIMITS

LAB TITLE : INSTRUCTOR : DATE CONDUCTED :

EC110 4J

DR. ISKANDA OPENG 9/6/2021

Student ID

Name of Group Members

2019429178 2019878608

ANIS ZAFIRAH BINTI KIPPERAWI AZLIN BINTI FRANCIS NAIR

2019403878 2019242148

ANNESYA ZAKIRA BINTI ZAMZURI BATRISYIA IRDINA BINTI MOHAMMAD FIKRI

CO-PO

Description

CO3

Perform teamwork skills in task related to soil engineering

PO9

Function effectively as an individual, and as a member in diverse technical teams.

NO

LEVEL OF OPENNESS

ELEMENTS TO ASSESS

0

1

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN RUBRICS Domain

Mark

1

INTRODUCTION

A1

2

BASIC CONCEPTS

A2

/4

3

SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS

A3

/2

4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

A3

/4

5

DISCUSSION OF RESULT

A4

/4

6

CONCLUSION

A5

/4

TOTAL MARKS Note: 1. Only the group members who present during lab session are qualified for evaluation (Group leader is responsible to cancel absenter in the Group Member Name section or otherwise ‘0’ mark will be given to the leader). 2. Fill up all the particulars clearly and correctly. Marks will be deducted if the particulars are left unfilled or wrongly filled. 3. Lab report will not be examined for late submission. 4. No hand phone allowed during lab session.

©UiTM SAMARAHAN 2

/20

/ 20

/30

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

/2

16/6/2021

RECEIVED & CHECKED BY:

MARCH – AUGUST 2021

INTRODUCTION The water concentrations that define transitions between the solid, plastic, and liquid forms of a specific soil type are known as Atterberg Limits. The tests are only applicable to cohesive soils with a significant silt or clay percentage, and they can't be done on sands or silts with a high sand percentage. Detailed mineralogical studies of cohesive soils have revealed that Atterberg Limits are strongly linked to clay concentration and clay mineral species, and hence to the climatic and geologic conditions that prevailed during deposition and the post-depositional weathering cycle.

BASIC CONCEPT The Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish between silt and clay and it can distinguish between different types of silt and clays. Soils when wet retain water and expand in volume. The amount of expansion is related to the ability of the soil to take in water and its structural make up. These tests are mainly used on clay or silty soils since these are the soils that expand and shrink due to the moisture content. Clays and silts react with the water and thus changes sizes and having varying shear strengths. Thus, these tests are widely used in the preliminary stages of building any structure to ensure that the soil will have the correct amount of shear strength.

OBJECTIVE To determine the plastic and liquid limit of a soil sample

LIQUID LIMIT: CONE PENETRATION TEST APPARATUS 1. Cone Penetrometer apparatus 2. 0.425 mm sieve 3. Glass plate 4. Sharp knife

5. 2 palettes knife 6. Airtight containers 7. Wash bottle containing distilled water 8. Glass beaker 9. Glass stirring rod 10. Balance 11. Oven

PROCEDURE Liquid Limit 1. A sample of the soil of sufficient size is taken to give a test specimen weight at least 400 g which passed the 0.425 mm test sieve. 2. The soil is transferred to a flat glass plate. Distilled water is added and mixed thoroughly with 2 palettes knives the mass becomes a thick homogenous paste. 3. More distilled water is added so that the first cone penetration reading is about 15mm. 4. A portion of the mixed soil is pushed into the cub with palette knife taking care not to trap air. 5. Excess soil is strike off with the straightedge to give a smooth level surface. 6. With the penetration cone locked in the raised position, the supporting assembly is lowered so that the tip of cone just touches the surface soil. 7. The stem of the dial gauge is lowered to contact the cone shaft and the reading of the dial gauge is recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. 8. The cone is released. 9. The difference between the beginning and end of the drop cone penetration is recorded. 10. The cone is lifted out and cleaned carefully to avoid scratching. 11. Little more distilled water is added to the cub. Make sure the difference between first and second penetration reading is less than 0.5 mm. 12. A moisture content sample of about 10 g is taken from the area penetrated by the cone. 13. Step 2 to 12 is repeated 3 more time.

Plastic Limit 1. The remaining empty moisture cans with their lids are weighed and the respective weights and can numbers are recorded on the data sheet. 2. The remaining ¼ of the original soil sample is taken and distilled water is added until the soil is at consistency where it can be rolled without sticking to the hands. 3. The soil is formed into an ellipsoidal mass. The mass is rolled between the palm or the fingers and the glass plate. Sufficient pressure is used to roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter by using 90 strokes per minute. 4. When the diameter of the thread reaches the correct diameter, the thread is broke into several pieces. The pieces are reformed into ellipsoidal masses and re-rolled them.this alternate rolling is continued, gathered together, kneaded and re-rolled until the thread crumbles under the pressure required for rolling can no longer be rolled into a 3.2 mm diameter thread. 5. The portions of the crumbled thread is gathered together and the soil is placed into a moisture can, then covered it. The moisture can containing soil is weighed, mass is recorded, the lid is removed and the can is placed into the oven. The moisture can is left in the oven for at least 16 hours. 6. Steps three, four and five are repeated for at least two more times. The water content from each trial is determined using the same method used in the first laboratory.

DATA Liquid Limit Test No.

1

Cone Penetration

mm

AVERAGE PENETRATION

mm

15.5

Container No.

2 15.6

18.1

3 18.2

20.9

4 20.8

23.4

23.5

15.6

18.2

20.9

23.5

LLJ3A

LLJ3B

LLJ3C

LLJ3D

Mass of Container

g

5.71

5.75

5.72

5.88

Mass of Container + Wet Soil

g

24.21

25.32

26.88

28.33

Mass of Container + Dry Soil

g

18.57

18.65

18.89

21.22

Dry Soil

g

12.86

12.90

13.17

15.34

Moisture Loss

g

5.64

6.67

7.99

7.11

MOISTURE CONTENT

%

43.86

51.71

60.69

46.35

Plastic Limit Test No.

1

Container No.

2

3

PLJ3 PLJ3 A B

PLJ3 C 5.68

Mass of Container

g

5.78

5.74

Mass of Container + Wet Soil

g

20.45 20.05 21.22

Mass of Container + Dry Soil

g

16.24 15.85 16.08

Dry Soil

g

10.46 10.11 10.40

Moisture Loss

g

4.21

Moisture Content

%

40.25 41.54 49.42

AVERAGE MOISTURE CONTENT

%

43.74

4.20

5.14

PLASTIC LIMIT = 43.74% LIQUID LIMIT = 62% PLASTICITY INDEX = 18.26% SOIL CLASSIFICATION = SILT MEDIUM PLASTICITY

DISCUSSION Based on the data above, for liquid limit test using cone penetration method, we obtained four different data. Moisture content for the first testing is 43.86%, second testing is 51.71%, third testing is 60.69% and the fourth testing is 46.35%. After that, we have plotted penetrationmoisture content graph to find the liquid limit. The liquid limit is 62%. For plastic limit test liquid limit test using cone penetration method, after we tested all 3 samples, we obtained the average moisture content of 43.74%. After that, we have plotted the graph of plasticity chart. We have calculated that the plasticity index of 18.26. From the graph, we found that the soil classification is silt medium plasticity. The importance of the liquid limit test is to classify soils. Different soils have varying liquid limits. To find the plasticity index, we need to know the liquid limit and the plastic limit first.

CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the objective of the experiment is achieved because we were able to determine the liquid limit and plastic limit by using cone penetration method which has been discussed above....